PMID- 26030423
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160304
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 6
DP  - 2015
TI  - Rugby-specific small-sided games training is an effective alternative to 
      stationary cycling at reducing clinical risk factors associated with the 
      development of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial.
PG  - e0127548
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0127548 [doi]
LID - e0127548
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The present study investigated whether rugby small-sided games 
      (SSG) could be an effective alternative to continuous stationary cycling (CYC) 
      training at reducing clinical risk factors associated with the development of 
      type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Thirty-three middle-aged (48.6+/-6.6y), 
      inactive men were randomized into a CYC (n=11), SSG (n=11), or control (CON, 
      n=11) group. Participants trained 3d.wk(-1) for 8 weeks, while control 
      participants maintained normal activity and dietary patterns. Exercise duration 
      was matched between groups, which involved CYC or SSG (four quarters, 
      interspersed with 2-min passive recovery). Both training programs were designed 
      to induce similar internal loads of maximal heart rate (~80-85%HRmax) and rating 
      of perceived exertion. Pre- and post-intervention testing included dual-energy 
      x-ray absorptiometry scan, graded exercise test, fasting 2 h oral glucose 
      tolerance test and resting muscle biopsy. Western blotting was used to assess the 
      content of skeletal muscle proteins associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and 
      glucose regulation. RESULTS: Both CYC and SSG increased VO2 at 80%HRmax, and 
      reduced glycated haemoglobin, glucose area under the curve (AUC; SSG, -2.3+/-2.4; 
      CYC -2.2+/-1.6 mmol.L(1)(120 min)(1); p<0.05), and total body fat-mass (SSG 
      -2.6+/-0.9%; CYC -2.9+/-1.1%), compared to no change in CON (p<0.05). SSG reduced 
      insulin AUC (-30.4+/-40.7 microlU.mL(1)(120 min)(1); p<0.05) and increased total body 
      fat-free mass (1.1+/-1.2 kg; p<0.05), with no change in CYC or CON (P>0.05). There 
      were no differences within or between conditions for protein content of 
      peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha, sirtuin-1, p53, 
      glucose transporter-4, protein kinase AKT/PKB, myocyte enhancer factor 2A, 
      mitochondrial transcription factor, nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, NRF-2 or 
      mitochondrial complexes I-V (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Rugby small-sided games is an 
      effective alternative to continuous cycling for improving metabolic risk-factors 
      associated with the prevention of T2DM. Despite such positive adaptations in 
      clinical risk factors, there were no changes in the content of skeletal muscle 
      proteins associated with glucose regulation and mitochondrial biogenesis. TRIAL 
      REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12613000874718.
FAU - Mendham, Amy E
AU  - Mendham AE
AD  - School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 
      Australia.
FAU - Duffield, Rob
AU  - Duffield R
AD  - Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, University of Technology Sydney 
      (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Coutts, Aaron J
AU  - Coutts AJ
AD  - Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, University of Technology Sydney 
      (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Marino, Frank
AU  - Marino F
AD  - School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 
      Australia.
FAU - Boyko, Andriy
AU  - Boyko A
AD  - Greenmeadows Medical Centre, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Bishop, David J
AU  - Bishop DJ
AD  - Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, 
      Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
LA  - eng
SI  - ANZCTR/ACTRN12613000874718
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150601
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Glucose Transporter Type 4)
RN  - 0 (MEF2 Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1)
RN  - 0 (PPAR gamma)
RN  - EC 3.5.1.- (Sirtuin 1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism/*physiopathology
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Football/*physiology
MH  - Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - MEF2 Transcription Factors/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
MH  - Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1/metabolism
MH  - PPAR gamma/metabolism
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sirtuin 1/metabolism
PMC - PMC4452519
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2015/06/02 06:00
MHDA- 2016/03/05 06:00
PMCR- 2015/06/01
CRDT- 2015/06/02 06:00
PHST- 2014/07/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/04/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/06/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/03/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-28691 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0127548 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2015 Jun 1;10(6):e0127548. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127548. 
      eCollection 2015.