PMID- 26038805
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160419
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 2164-554X (Electronic)
IS  - 2164-5515 (Print)
IS  - 2164-5515 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 7
DP  - 2015
TI  - Strong protection against ricin challenge induced by a novel modified ricin 
      A-chain protein in mouse model.
PG  - 1779-87
LID - 10.1080/21645515.2015.1038446 [doi]
AB  - Ricin toxin (RT) is an extremely potent toxin derived from the castor bean plant. 
      As a possible bioterrorist weapon, it was categorized as a level B agent in 
      international society. With the growing awareness and concerns of the "white 
      powder incident" in recent years, it is indispensable to develop an effective 
      countermeasure against RT intoxication. In this study we used site-directed 
      mutagenesis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to modify the gene of 
      ricin A-chain (RTA). As a result, we have generated a mutated and truncated ricin 
      A-chain (mtRTA) vaccine antigen by E.coli strain. The cytotoxicity assay was used 
      to evaluate the safety of the as-prepared mtRTA antigen, and the results showed 
      that there was no residual toxicity observed when compared to the recombinant RTA 
      (rRTA) or native RT. Furthermore, BALB/c mice were subcutaneously (s.c.) 
      vaccinated with mtRTA 3 times at an interval of 2 weeks, and then the survivals 
      were evaluated after intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intratracheal challenge of RT. The 
      vaccinated mice developed a strong protective immune response that was wholly 
      protective against 40 x LD50 of RT i.p. injection or 20 x LD50 of RT 
      intratracheal spraying. The mtRTA antigen has great potential to be a vaccine 
      candidate for future application in humans.
FAU - Zhang, Tao
AU  - Zhang T
AD  - a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of 
      Microbiology and Epidemiology ; Beijing , China.
FAU - Yang, Hao
AU  - Yang H
FAU - Kang, Lin
AU  - Kang L
FAU - Gao, Shan
AU  - Gao S
FAU - Xin, Wenwen
AU  - Xin W
FAU - Yao, Wenwu
AU  - Yao W
FAU - Zhuang, Xiangjin
AU  - Zhuang X
FAU - Ji, Bin
AU  - Ji B
FAU - Wang, Jinglin
AU  - Wang J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Hum Vaccin Immunother
JT  - Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
JID - 101572652
RN  - 0 (Vaccines)
RN  - 9009-86-3 (Ricin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Inhalation
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bioterrorism
MH  - Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Immunization, Passive
MH  - Injections, Subcutaneous
MH  - Lethal Dose 50
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Neutralization Tests
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Ricin/administration & dosage/*immunology/*poisoning
MH  - Survival Analysis
MH  - Vaccines/administration & dosage/*genetics/*immunology
PMC - PMC4514271
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
OT  - FBS, fetal bovine serum
OT  - HRP, horseradish peroxidase
OT  - IPTG, isopropyl-1-thio-beta-galactopyranoside
OT  - LD50, median lethal dose
OT  - RT, ricin toxin
OT  - RTA, ricin toxin A chain
OT  - RTB, ricin toxin B chain
OT  - SD, standard deviation
OT  - i.p, intraperitoneally
OT  - i.p., intraperitoneal
OT  - immunity
OT  - intratracheal
OT  - mRTA, mutated RTA
OT  - mtRTA, mutated and truncated RTA
OT  - mutant
OT  - rRTA, recombinant RTA
OT  - ricin
OT  - s.c., subcutaneously subcutaneous
OT  - toxicity
OT  - toxin
OT  - truncation
OT  - vaccine
EDAT- 2015/06/04 06:00
MHDA- 2016/04/20 06:00
PMCR- 2016/02/03
CRDT- 2015/06/04 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/04/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/02/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1038446 [pii]
AID - 10.1080/21645515.2015.1038446 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(7):1779-87. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1038446.