PMID- 26055695
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160608
LR  - 20150915
IS  - 1536-7290 (Electronic)
IS  - 1536-7290 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 6
DP  - 2015
TI  - Energy intake and expenditure assessed 'in-season' in an elite European rugby 
      union squad.
PG  - 469-79
LID - 10.1080/17461391.2015.1042528 [doi]
AB  - Rugby union (RU) is a complex high-intensity intermittent collision sport with 
      emphasis placed on players possessing high lean body mass and low body fat. After 
      an 8 to 12-week pre-season focused on physiological adaptations, emphasis shifts 
      towards competitive performance. However, there are no objective data on the 
      physiological demands or energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE) for elite 
      players during this period. Accordingly, in-season training load using global 
      positioning system and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), alongside 
      six-day assessments of EE and EI were measured in 44 elite RU players. Mean 
      weekly distance covered was 7827 +/- 954 m and 9572 +/- 1233 m with a total mean 
      weekly sRPE of 1776 +/- 355 and 1523 +/- 434 AU for forwards and backs, respectively. 
      Mean weekly EI was 16.6 +/- 1.5 and 14.2 +/- 1.2 megajoules (MJ) and EE was 15.9 +/- 
      0.5 and 14 +/- 0.5 MJ. Mean carbohydrate (CHO) intake was 3.5 +/- 0.8 and 3.4 +/- 0.7 
      g.kg(-1) body mass, protein intake was 2.7 +/- 0.3 and 2.7 +/- 0.5 g.kg(-1) body 
      mass, and fat intake was 1.4 +/- 0.2 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 g.kg(-1) body mass. All players 
      who completed the food diary self-selected a 'low' CHO 'high' protein diet during 
      the early part of the week, with CHO intake increasing in the days leading up to 
      a match, resulting in the mean EI matching EE. Based on EE and training load 
      data, the EI and composition seems appropriate, although further research is 
      required to evaluate if this diet is optimal for match day performance.
FAU - Bradley, Warren J
AU  - Bradley WJ
AD  - a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores 
      University , Liverpool , UK.
FAU - Cavanagh, Bryce
AU  - Cavanagh B
AD  - b Munster Rugby , Cork Institute of Technology , Cork , Ireland.
FAU - Douglas, William
AU  - Douglas W
AD  - b Munster Rugby , Cork Institute of Technology , Cork , Ireland.
FAU - Donovan, Timothy F
AU  - Donovan TF
AD  - c Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences , Glyndwr University , Wrexham , UK.
FAU - Twist, Craig
AU  - Twist C
AD  - d Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences , University of Chester , Chester , 
      UK.
FAU - Morton, James P
AU  - Morton JP
AD  - a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores 
      University , Liverpool , UK.
FAU - Close, Graeme L
AU  - Close GL
AD  - a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores 
      University , Liverpool , UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150609
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur J Sport Sci
JT  - European journal of sport science
JID - 101146739
SB  - IM
MH  - Athletes
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Diet Records
MH  - Energy Intake/*physiology
MH  - Energy Metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Europe
MH  - Football/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Nutrition Assessment
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GPS
OT  - Rugby
OT  - nutrition
OT  - physiology
OT  - pre-season
EDAT- 2015/06/10 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/09 06:00
CRDT- 2015/06/10 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/17461391.2015.1042528 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15(6):469-79. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1042528. Epub 2015 
      Jun 9.