PMID- 26059092
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20170315
LR  - 20170315
IS  - 1942-7611 (Electronic)
IS  - 1942-7603 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 7
DP  - 2016 Jul
TI  - A simple and rapid method for the determination of nicotine in third-hand smoke 
      by liquid chromatography and its application for the assessment of contaminated 
      outdoor communal areas.
PG  - 676-81
LID - 10.1002/dta.1822 [doi]
AB  - This is the first report on the determination of nicotine in third-hand smoke 
      (THS) in outdoor communal areas. The term THS can be defined as the contamination 
      of surfaces by second-hand smoke. This can remain for extended periods of time 
      and undergo further chemical reactions to produce further pollutants which can be 
      re-suspended in dust or re-emitted into the gas phase. As THS is a rather complex 
      mixture, studies have focused on using nicotine as a marker of THS, as it is the 
      most abundant organic compound emitted during smoking. In this present study, the 
      extraction of dust-wipe samples and the subsequent chromatographic conditions 
      required for the separation of nicotine by hydrophilic interaction liquid 
      chromatography were optimized. The optimum chromatographic conditions were 
      identified as a 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm Zorbax Carbohydrate Analysis column with a 
      mobile phase consisting of 90 % acetonitrile, 10 % water at a flow rate of 1.0 
      mL/min with UV detection at 259 nm. Further investigations were made on samples 
      collected from surfaces of public entrance ways. Under these conditions, a linear 
      range for nicotine of 0.05 to 24 microg/mL (1.0-480 ng on column) was obtained, with 
      a detection limit of 1.0 ng on column based on a signal-to-noise ratio of three. 
      Acetone, naphthalene, phenol, musk ketone, and palmitic acid were found not to 
      interfere. Communal entrance ways were found to be contaminated with THS nicotine 
      levels of between 5.09 microg/m(2) and 309 microg/m(2) comparable to that found in other 
      previous studies of indoor environments. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FAU - Santos E Silva, Samira Inacia
AU  - Santos E Silva SI
AD  - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antonio Carlos, 
      6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
FAU - Bowdler, Paul
AU  - Bowdler P
AD  - Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University 
      of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
FAU - Giltrow, Danielle
AU  - Giltrow D
AD  - Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University 
      of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
FAU - Riddell, Stephanie
AU  - Riddell S
AD  - Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University 
      of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
FAU - Honeychurch, Kevin C
AU  - Honeychurch KC
AD  - Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University 
      of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150608
PL  - England
TA  - Drug Test Anal
JT  - Drug testing and analysis
JID - 101483449
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Dust)
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis/isolation & purification
MH  - Chemical Fractionation/methods
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/*methods
MH  - Dust/analysis
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Nicotine/*analysis/isolation & purification
MH  - Signal-To-Noise Ratio
MH  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HILIC
OT  - communal areas
OT  - dust wipe
OT  - nicotine
OT  - outdoor
OT  - third-hand smoke
EDAT- 2015/06/11 06:00
MHDA- 2017/03/16 06:00
CRDT- 2015/06/11 06:00
PHST- 2014/11/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/04/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/05/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/06/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/03/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/dta.1822 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Drug Test Anal. 2016 Jul;8(7):676-81. doi: 10.1002/dta.1822. Epub 2015 Jun 8.