PMID- 26063450
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160620
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1522-9645 (Electronic)
IS  - 0195-668X (Linking)
VI  - 36
IP  - 34
DP  - 2015 Sep 7
TI  - Impact of glucose-lowering drugs on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 2288-96
LID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239 [doi]
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by multiple pathophysiologic 
      abnormalities. With time, multiple glucose-lowering medications are commonly 
      required to reduce and maintain plasma glucose concentrations within the normal 
      range. Type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals also are at a very high risk for 
      microvascular complications and the incidence of heart attack and stroke is 
      increased two- to three-fold compared with non-diabetic individuals. Therefore, 
      when selecting medications to normalize glucose levels in T2DM patients, it is 
      important that the agent not aggravate, and ideally even improve, cardiovascular 
      risk factors (CVRFs) and reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this 
      review, we examine the effect of oral (metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, 
      thiazolidinediones, DPP4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and alpha-glucosidase 
      inhibitors) and injectable (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and 
      insulin) glucose-lowering drugs on established CVRFs and long-term studies of 
      cardiovascular outcomes. Firm evidence that in T2DM cardiovascular disease can be 
      reversed or prevented by improving glycaemic control is still incomplete and must 
      await large, long-term clinical trials in patients at low risk using modern 
      treatment strategies, i.e., drug combinations designed to maximize HbA1c 
      reduction while minimizing hypoglycaemia and excessive weight gain.
CI  - Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. (c) 
      The Author 2015. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Ferrannini, Ele
AU  - Ferrannini E
AD  - Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy 
      ferranni@ifc.cnr.it.
FAU - DeFronzo, Ralph A
AU  - DeFronzo RA
AD  - Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20150610
PL  - England
TA  - Eur Heart J
JT  - European heart journal
JID - 8006263
RN  - 0 (Carbamates)
RN  - 0 (Cyclohexanes)
RN  - 0 (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor)
RN  - 0 (Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Piperidines)
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Sulfonylurea Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Thiazolidinediones)
RN  - 41X3PWK4O2 (Nateglinide)
RN  - 47E5O17Y3R (Phenylalanine)
RN  - 668Z8C33LU (repaglinide)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbamates/therapeutic use
MH  - Clinical Trials as Topic
MH  - Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy/etiology
MH  - Cyclohexanes/therapeutic use
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/etiology
MH  - Diabetic Angiopathies/*drug therapy/etiology
MH  - Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use
MH  - Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists
MH  - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Insulin/therapeutic use
MH  - Metformin/therapeutic use
MH  - Nateglinide
MH  - Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
MH  - Piperidines/therapeutic use
MH  - Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
MH  - Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
MH  - Treatment Outcome
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiovascular disease
OT  - Cardiovascular risk
OT  - Glucose-lowering drugs
OT  - Type 2 diabetes
EDAT- 2015/06/13 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/21 06:00
CRDT- 2015/06/12 06:00
PHST- 2015/04/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/05/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/06/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - ehv239 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Heart J. 2015 Sep 7;36(34):2288-96. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239. Epub 2015 
      Jun 10.