PMID- 26070312 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160218 LR - 20220318 IS - 1756-0500 (Electronic) IS - 1756-0500 (Linking) VI - 8 DP - 2015 Jun 13 TI - Genetic determinants of cocaine-associated agranulocytosis. PG - 240 LID - 10.1186/s13104-015-1219-4 [doi] LID - 240 AB - BACKGROUND: Drug-induced agranulocytosis is a recognized adverse drug event associated with serious infectious complications. Levamisole is an antihelminthic and immunomodulator withdrawn from North American markets in 2005 after reports of agranulocytosis. Previous studies of levamisole, suggest that the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 confers a genetic predisposition to this adverse drug event. Since 2009, emergency room visits due to agranulocytosis in individuals consuming levamisole-adulterated crack-cocaine have increased. METHODS: We performed a case-control study using a genotyping assay and novel gene chip to test the association between cocaine-associated agranulocytosis (CAA) and HLA-B27 and to identify pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic gene variants associated with the phenotype. RESULTS: Fifty-one CAA cases were identified through a provincial physician reporting system between 2008 and 2011. We examined eight of these cases and 26 matched controls. Genotyping revealed a significant association between HLA-B27 and CAA (odds ratio [OR] 9.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-54.6). We also observed a similar association with the HLA-B27 tag single nucleotide polymorphism rs4349859 (OR 9.2, 95% CI 1.5-54.6) and rs13202464 (OR 6.7, 95% CI 1.1-41). Further associations were identified with variants in the ARBCC12 (OR 10.0, 95% CI 2.7-36.8) and CYP11A1 (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.1-26.6) genes, while a novel protective association was observed with variants in the ARDB1 gene (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.007-0.46). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the association of HLA-B27 with CAA and identified additional susceptibility variants. Health care providers should inform people who are identified as having CAA that it is genetically determined and can recur with continued cocaine use. The severity of infections and subsequent hospitalization, and the risk of recurrence may prompt health-promoting behaviour changes of the affected individuals. These genetic associations warrant the attention of public health and knowledge translation efforts to highlight the implications for susceptibility to this severe adverse drug event. FAU - Buxton, Jane A AU - Buxton JA AD - BC Center for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada. jane.buxton@bccdc.ca. AD - School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. jane.buxton@bccdc.ca. FAU - Omura, John AU - Omura J AD - School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. john@johnomura.com. FAU - Kuo, Margot AU - Kuo M AD - BC Center for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada. margot.kuo@bccdc.ca. FAU - Ross, Colin AU - Ross C AD - Child and Family Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. colin.ross@ubc.ca. FAU - Tzemis, Despina AU - Tzemis D AD - BC Center for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada. despinatzemis@hotmail.com. FAU - Purssell, Roy AU - Purssell R AD - Drug and Poison Information Centre, BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada. roy.purssell@bccdc.ca. FAU - Gardy, Jennifer AU - Gardy J AD - BC Center for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada. jennifer.gardy@bccdc.ca. AD - School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. jennifer.gardy@bccdc.ca. FAU - Carleton, Bruce AU - Carleton B AD - Child and Family Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. bcarleton@popi.ubc.ca. LA - eng GR - Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150613 PL - England TA - BMC Res Notes JT - BMC research notes JID - 101462768 RN - 0 (ABCC12 protein, human) RN - 0 (ADRB1 protein, human) RN - 0 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters) RN - 0 (HLA-B27 Antigen) RN - 0 (Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1) RN - 2880D3468G (Levamisole) RN - EC 1.14.15.6 (Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme) RN - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) SB - IM MH - ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics/metabolism MH - Adult MH - Agranulocytosis/chemically induced/*genetics/metabolism/pathology MH - British Columbia MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics/metabolism MH - Cocaine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects MH - Cocaine-Related Disorders/*genetics/metabolism/pathology MH - Female MH - Gene Expression MH - Genetic Predisposition to Disease MH - HLA-B27 Antigen/*genetics/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Levamisole/administration & dosage/*adverse effects MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Odds Ratio MH - Phenotype MH - *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MH - Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics/metabolism PMC - PMC4467676 EDAT- 2015/06/14 06:00 MHDA- 2016/02/19 06:00 PMCR- 2015/06/13 CRDT- 2015/06/14 06:00 PHST- 2014/06/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/06/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/06/14 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/06/14 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/02/19 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/06/13 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s13104-015-1219-4 [pii] AID - 1219 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s13104-015-1219-4 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Res Notes. 2015 Jun 13;8:240. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1219-4.