PMID- 26075407
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160922
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 1939-134X (Electronic)
IS  - 1040-3590 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016 Feb
TI  - Measuring implicit attitudes: A positive framing bias flaw in the Implicit 
      Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP).
PG  - 158-70
LID - 10.1037/pas0000172 [doi]
AB  - How can implicit attitudes best be measured? The Implicit Relational Assessment 
      Procedure (IRAP), unlike the Implicit Association Test (IAT), claims to measure 
      absolute, not just relative, implicit attitudes. In the IRAP, participants make 
      congruent (Fat Person-Active: false; Fat Person-Unhealthy: true) or incongruent 
      (Fat Person-Active: true; Fat Person-Unhealthy: false) responses in different 
      blocks of trials. IRAP experiments have reported positive or neutral implicit 
      attitudes (e.g., neutral attitudes toward fat people) in cases in which negative 
      attitudes are normally found on explicit or other implicit measures. It was 
      hypothesized that these results might reflect a positive framing bias (PFB) that 
      occurs when participants complete the IRAP. Implicit attitudes toward categories 
      with varying prior associations (nonwords, social systems, flowers and insects, 
      thin and fat people) were measured. Three conditions (standard, positive framing, 
      and negative framing) were used to measure whether framing influenced estimates 
      of implicit attitudes. It was found that IRAP scores were influenced by how the 
      task was framed to the participants, that the framing effect was modulated by the 
      strength of prior stimulus associations, and that a default PFB led to an 
      overestimation of positive implicit attitudes when measured by the IRAP. Overall, 
      the findings question the validity of the IRAP as a tool for the measurement of 
      absolute implicit attitudes. A new tool (Simple Implicit Procedure:SIP) for 
      measuring absolute, not just relative, implicit attitudes is proposed. (PsycINFO 
      Database Record
CI  - (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).
FAU - O'Shea, Brian
AU  - O'Shea B
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Warwick.
FAU - Watson, Derrick G
AU  - Watson DG
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Warwick.
FAU - Brown, Gordon D A
AU  - Brown GD
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Warwick.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150615
PL  - United States
TA  - Psychol Assess
JT  - Psychological assessment
JID - 8915253
SB  - IM
MH  - *Attitude
MH  - *Bias
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Language
MH  - Male
MH  - Psychometrics
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2015/06/16 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/23 06:00
CRDT- 2015/06/16 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/23 06:00 [medline]
AID - 2015-26619-001 [pii]
AID - 10.1037/pas0000172 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychol Assess. 2016 Feb;28(2):158-70. doi: 10.1037/pas0000172. Epub 2015 Jun 15.