PMID- 26087296
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160324
LR  - 20240118
IS  - 1873-2518 (Electronic)
IS  - 0264-410X (Print)
IS  - 0264-410X (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 31
DP  - 2015 Jul 17
TI  - Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Vietnam 2011-2012--CRS epidemic after 
      rubella epidemic in 2010-2011.
PG  - 3673-7
LID - S0264-410X(15)00824-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.035 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Rubella is endemic in Vietnam with epidemics occurring every 4-5 
      years. In 2011, Vietnam experienced the large nationwide rubella epidemic. During 
      the rubella epidemic, many infants born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) 
      were identified and reported from the neonatal units or cardiology departments of 
      the national hospitals. To understand the burden of CRS, National Expanded 
      Program on Immunization (NEPI) established sentinel CRS surveillance system. 
      METHOD: Three national paediatric hospitals in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) 
      were selected as CRS sentinel surveillance sites. Blood specimens from the 
      infants were collected for rubella specific IgM and ELISA testing was performed 
      at the national measles and rubella laboratory. RESULTS: From January 2011 to 
      December 2012, 424 infants with suspected CRS were identified and reported. Among 
      them 406 (96%) had specimens obtained, 284 (70%) cases were IgM positive 
      including 279 laboratory confirmed CRS and 5 Congenital Rubella Infection (CRI). 
      13 cases were clinically confirmed and 127 (30%) were discarded. Total 292 
      infants were confirmed as CRS. Of the 292 infants with CRS, 69% of mothers had a 
      history of "fever and rash" during pregnancy, of which 85% was in the first 
      trimester. The most common clinical defects were congenital heart disease and 
      cataract(s). However, 81.9% of the infants had a combination of major and minor 
      signs and symptoms. Low birth weight in full term infants with confirmed CRS was 
      observed in 114 infants (39%). CONCLUSIONS: The newly established CRS sentinel 
      surveillance system documented the significant burden of CRS in Vietnam and 
      provided evidence to the policy makers for the introduction of rubella containing 
      vaccine (RCV) into Vietnam. This report highlights the importance of countries 
      with rubella epidemic to establish CRS surveillance rapidly in order to support 
      the introduction of RCV into the routine Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) 
      immunization.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Toda, Kohei
AU  - Toda K
AD  - WHO Country Office, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Electronic address: todak@wpro.who.int.
FAU - Reef, Susan
AU  - Reef S
AD  - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
FAU - Tsuruoka, Miyuki
AU  - Tsuruoka M
AD  - WHO Country Office, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
FAU - Iijima, Makiko
AU  - Iijima M
AD  - WHO Country Office, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
FAU - Dang, Thanh Huyen
AU  - Dang TH
AD  - National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
FAU - Duong, Thi Hong
AU  - Duong TH
AD  - National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
FAU - Nguyen, Van Cuong
AU  - Nguyen VC
AD  - National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
FAU - Nguyen, Tran Hien
AU  - Nguyen TH
AD  - National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
LA  - eng
GR  - 001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International
GR  - CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150615
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vaccine
JT  - Vaccine
JID - 8406899
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin M)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - *Epidemics
MH  - Epidemiological Monitoring
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Policy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunization Programs
MH  - Immunoglobulin M/blood
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/*epidemiology
MH  - Vietnam/epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC10792995
MID - NIHMS1919052
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CRS
OT  - CRS surveillance
OT  - Congenital rubella syndrome
OT  - RCV
OT  - Routine EPI immunization
OT  - Rubella
COIS- Conflict of interest statement None of authors have financial or other conflict 
      of interest.
EDAT- 2015/06/19 06:00
MHDA- 2016/03/25 06:00
PMCR- 2024/01/17
CRDT- 2015/06/19 06:00
PHST- 2015/04/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/06/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/06/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/06/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/03/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0264-410X(15)00824-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.035 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vaccine. 2015 Jul 17;33(31):3673-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.035. Epub 2015 
      Jun 15.