PMID- 26098461
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160504
LR  - 20150715
IS  - 1944-8252 (Electronic)
IS  - 1944-8244 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 27
DP  - 2015 Jul 15
TI  - Subcellular Partitioning and Analysis of Gd3+-Loaded Ultrashort Single-Walled 
      Carbon Nanotubes.
PG  - 14593-602
LID - 10.1021/acsami.5b04851 [doi]
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of vast clinical utility, with tens of 
      millions of scans performed annually. Chemical contrast agents (CAs) can greatly 
      enhance the diagnostic potential of MRI, and  approximately 50% of MRI scans use CAs. However, 
      CAs have significant limitations such as low contrast enhancement, lack of 
      specificity, and potential toxicity. Recently developed, Gd3+-loaded ultrashort 
      single-walled carbon nanotubes, also referred to as gadonanotubes or GNTs, 
      exhibit  approximately 40 times the relaxivities of clinical CAs, representing a potential 
      major advance in clinically relevant MRI CA materials. Although initial 
      cytotoxicity and MRI studies have suggested great promise for GNTs, relatively 
      little is known regarding their subcellular interactions, which are crucial for 
      further, safe development of GNTs as CAs. In this work, we administered GNTs to a 
      well-established human cell line (HeLa) and to murine macrophage-like cells 
      (J774A.1). GNTs were not acutely cytotoxic and did not reduce proliferation, 
      except for the highest exposure concentration of 27 mug/mL for J774A.1 
      macrophages, yet bulk uptake of GNTs occurred in minutes at picogram quantities, 
      or millions of GNTs per cell. J774A.1 macrophages internalized substantially more 
      GNTs than HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, and Raman imaging of the 
      subcellular distribution of GNTs revealed perinuclear localization. Fluorescence 
      intensity and lifetime imaging demonstrated that GNTs did not grossly alter 
      subcellular compartments, including filamentous-actin structures. Together, these 
      results provide subcellular evidence necessary to establish GNTs as a new MRI CA 
      material.
FAU - Holt, Brian D
AU  - Holt BD
FAU - Law, Justin J
AU  - Law JJ
AD  - double daggerDepartment of Chemistry and Smalley Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, 
      Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.
FAU - Boyer, Patrick D
AU  - Boyer PD
FAU - Wilson, Lon J
AU  - Wilson LJ
AD  - double daggerDepartment of Chemistry and Smalley Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, 
      Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.
FAU - Dahl, Kris Noel
AU  - Dahl KN
FAU - Islam, Mohammad F
AU  - Islam MF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20150702
PL  - United States
TA  - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
JT  - ACS applied materials & interfaces
JID - 101504991
RN  - 0 (Contrast Media)
RN  - 0 (Nanocapsules)
RN  - 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon)
RN  - AU0V1LM3JT (Gadolinium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Contrast Media/chemistry
MH  - Diffusion
MH  - Gadolinium/*chemistry
MH  - HeLa Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Materials Testing
MH  - Nanocapsules/*chemistry/ultrastructure
MH  - Nanotubes, Carbon/*chemistry/ultrastructure
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Subcellular Fractions/*chemistry/*ultrastructure
MH  - Tissue Distribution
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Raman spectroscopy
OT  - actin
OT  - carbon nanotubes
OT  - chemical contrast agent
OT  - gadolinium
OT  - gadonanotubes
OT  - magnetic resonance imaging
EDAT- 2015/06/23 06:00
MHDA- 2016/05/05 06:00
CRDT- 2015/06/23 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/05/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/acsami.5b04851 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2015 Jul 15;7(27):14593-602. doi: 
      10.1021/acsami.5b04851. Epub 2015 Jul 2.