PMID- 26110391
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160405
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 6
DP  - 2015 Jun 23
TI  - Transcriptional Factors Mediating Retinoic Acid Signals in the Control of Energy 
      Metabolism.
PG  - 14210-44
LID - 10.3390/ijms160614210 [doi]
AB  - Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A (VA), is important for many 
      physiological processes including energy metabolism. This is mainly achieved 
      through RA-regulated gene expression in metabolically active cells. RA regulates 
      gene expression mainly through the activation of two subfamilies in the nuclear 
      receptor superfamily, retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors 
      (RXRs). RAR/RXR heterodimers or RXR/RXR homodimers bind to RA response element in 
      the promoters of RA target genes and regulate their expressions upon ligand 
      binding. The development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 
      diabetes is often associated with profound changes in the expressions of genes 
      involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in metabolically active cells. RA 
      regulates some of these gene expressions. Recently, in vivo and in vitro studies 
      have demonstrated that status and metabolism of VA regulate macronutrient 
      metabolism. Some studies have shown that, in addition to RARs and RXRs, 
      hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription 
      factor II, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor beta/delta may function as 
      transcriptional factors mediating RA response. Herein, we summarize current 
      progresses regarding the VA metabolism and the role of nuclear receptors in 
      mediating RA signals, with an emphasis on their implication in energy metabolism.
FAU - Zhang, Rui
AU  - Zhang R
AD  - State Food and Drug Administration Hubei Center for Medical Equipment Quality 
      Supervision and Testing, 666 High-Tech Avenue, Wuhan 430000, China. 
      lizzyzr@gmail.com.
FAU - Wang, Yueqiao
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Wuhan University, 185 East Lake Road, 
      Wuhan 430071, China. elle529@126.com.
FAU - Li, Rui
AU  - Li R
AD  - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Wuhan University, 185 East Lake Road, 
      Wuhan 430071, China. rli@whu.edu.cn.
FAU - Chen, Guoxun
AU  - Chen G
AD  - Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, 1215 West 
      Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. gchen6@utk.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20150623
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Retinoic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 5688UTC01R (Tretinoin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Energy Metabolism/*drug effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Transcription Factors/*metabolism
MH  - Tretinoin/*pharmacology
PMC - PMC4490549
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - chicken ovalbumin upstream-transcription factor II
OT  - hepatic nuclear factor 4alpha
OT  - metabolism
OT  - peroxisome proliferator activated receptor beta/delta
OT  - retinoic acid
OT  - retinoic acid receptor
OT  - retinoid X receptor
OT  - vitamin A
EDAT- 2015/06/26 06:00
MHDA- 2016/04/06 06:00
PMCR- 2015/06/01
CRDT- 2015/06/26 06:00
PHST- 2015/04/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/06/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/06/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/06/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/06/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/04/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms160614210 [pii]
AID - ijms-16-14210 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms160614210 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jun 23;16(6):14210-44. doi: 10.3390/ijms160614210.