PMID- 26143208
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160720
LR  - 20150929
IS  - 1095-9572 (Electronic)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Linking)
VI  - 120
DP  - 2015 Oct 15
TI  - Temporal unpredictability of a stimulus sequence and the processing of neutral 
      and emotional stimuli.
PG  - 214-24
LID - S1053-8119(15)00586-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.081 [doi]
AB  - Most experimental settings in cognitive neuroscience present a temporally 
      structured stimulus sequence, i.e., stimuli may occur at either constant and 
      predictable or variable and less predictable inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs). 
      This experimental feature has been shown to affect behavior and activation of 
      various cerebral structures such as the parietal cortex and the amygdala. Studies 
      employing explicit or implicit cues to manipulate predictability of events have 
      shown that unpredictability particularly accentuates the response to events of 
      negative valence. The present study investigates whether the effects of 
      unpredictability are similarly affected by the emotional content of stimuli when 
      unpredictability is induced simply by the temporal structure of a stimulus 
      sequence, i.e., by variable as compared to constant ISIs. In an fMRI study, we 
      applied three choice-reaction-time tasks with stimuli of different 
      social-emotional content. Subjects (N=30) were asked to identify the gender in 
      angry and happy faces, or the shape of geometric figures. Tasks were performed 
      with variable and constant ISIs. During the identification of shapes, variable 
      ISIs increased activation in widespread areas comprising the amygdala and 
      fronto-parietal regions. Conversely, variable ISIs during gender identification 
      resulted in a decrease of activation in a small region near the intraparietal 
      sulcus. Our findings reveal that variability in the temporal stimulus structure 
      of an experimental setting affects cerebral activation depending on task demands. 
      They suggest that the processing of emotional stimuli of different valence is not 
      much affected by the decision of employing a constant or a variable temporal 
      stimulus structure, at least in the context of implicit emotion processing tasks. 
      In contrast, temporal structure diversely affects the processing of neutral 
      non-social compared to emotional stimuli, emphasizing the relevance of 
      considering this experimental feature in studies which aim at differentiating 
      social-emotional from cognitive processing in general, and more particularly, aim 
      at identifying circumscribed alterations of social cognition in mental disorders.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Koppe, G
AU  - Koppe G
AD  - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of 
      Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; 
      Centre for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. 
      Electronic address: georgia.koppe@zi-mannheim.de.
FAU - Heidel, A
AU  - Heidel A
AD  - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of 
      Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Sammer, G
AU  - Sammer G
AD  - Centre for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
FAU - Bohus, M
AU  - Bohus M
AD  - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of 
      Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Gallhofer, B
AU  - Gallhofer B
AD  - Centre for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
FAU - Kirsch, P
AU  - Kirsch P
AD  - Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical 
      Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Lis, S
AU  - Lis S
AD  - Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of 
      Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; 
      Centre for Psychiatry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150702
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroimage
JT  - NeuroImage
JID - 9215515
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amygdala/*physiology
MH  - Emotions/*physiology
MH  - Facial Expression
MH  - Facial Recognition
MH  - Female
MH  - Form Perception
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - *Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Parietal Lobe/*physiology
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/*physiology
MH  - Reaction Time/*physiology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Face processing
OT  - Implicit emotion processing
OT  - Implicit timing
OT  - Interstimulus interval
OT  - Unpredictability
OT  - fMRI
EDAT- 2015/07/06 06:00
MHDA- 2016/07/21 06:00
CRDT- 2015/07/06 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/06/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/06/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/07/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/07/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/07/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1053-8119(15)00586-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.081 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimage. 2015 Oct 15;120:214-24. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.081. Epub 
      2015 Jul 2.