PMID- 26161612
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150925
LR  - 20150711
IS  - 1053-4628 (Print)
IS  - 1053-4628 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 4
DP  - 2015 Summer
TI  - Subcutaneous Midazolam with and without Ketamine for Sedation In Children 
      Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Pilot Study.
PG  - 382-6
LID - 10.17796/1053-4628-39.4.382 [doi]
AB  - AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous 
      (SC) sedation using midazolam with and without ketamine in non-cooperative 
      pediatric patients undergoing dental treatment. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, 
      randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover pilot clinical trial was carried 
      out in 13 children, aged between 17-46 months, ASA l, Frankl 1. Two sedation 
      schemes were administered SC: Midazolam alone (M), and a combination of 
      Midazolam-Ketamine (MK). Both regimens were administered to the same patient in 
      two consecutive treatment sessions, in accordance with a random assignment. 
      Overall behavior, movement, and crying were assessed according to the modified 
      Houpt scale. Heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, and possible 
      side effects were also monitored. RESULTS: The percentage of non-crying children 
      was always higher in the treatment with MK compared with the treatment with M, 
      but without a significant statistical difference. Regarding variable body 
      movement, the percentage of children without movement was higher in the MK group, 
      although only up to minute 10; no significant differences were found at 20, 30, 
      and 40 minutes, and from minute 40, body movement was lower in the M group. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam alone and the midazolam-ketamine combination administered 
      subcutaneously resulted in a safe and efficient pharmacological method for 
      providing moderate sedation to non-cooperative pediatric patients undergoing 
      dental treatment.
FAU - Flores-Castillo, D
AU  - Flores-Castillo D
AD  - From the Facultad de Estomatologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 
      Mexico.
FAU - Martinez-Rider, R
AU  - Martinez-Rider R
AD  - From the Facultad de Estomatologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 
      Mexico.
FAU - Ruiz-Rodriguez, S
AU  - Ruiz-Rodriguez S
AD  - From the Facultad de Estomatologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 
      Mexico.
FAU - Garrocho-Rangel, A
AU  - Garrocho-Rangel A
AD  - From the Facultad de Estomatologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 
      Mexico.
FAU - Lara-Guevara, J
AU  - Lara-Guevara J
AD  - From the Facultad de Estomatologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 
      Mexico.
FAU - Pozos-Guillen, A
AU  - Pozos-Guillen A
AD  - From the Facultad de Estomatologia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, 
      Mexico.
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - Singapore
TA  - J Clin Pediatr Dent
JT  - The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry
JID - 9100079
RN  - 0 (Anesthetics, Combined)
RN  - 0 (Anesthetics, Dissociative)
RN  - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives)
RN  - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine)
RN  - R60L0SM5BC (Midazolam)
RN  - S88TT14065 (Oxygen)
MH  - Anesthesia, Dental/*methods
MH  - Anesthetics, Combined/*administration & dosage
MH  - Anesthetics, Dissociative/*administration & dosage
MH  - Blood Pressure/drug effects
MH  - Child Behavior/drug effects
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Conscious Sedation/*methods
MH  - Cooperative Behavior
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Crying
MH  - Dental Care for Children
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Heart Rate/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypnotics and Sedatives/*administration & dosage
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infusions, Subcutaneous
MH  - Ketamine/*administration & dosage
MH  - Midazolam/*administration & dosage
MH  - Motor Activity/drug effects
MH  - Oxygen/blood
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Time Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - dental
OT  - ketamine
OT  - midazolam
OT  - sedation
OT  - subcutaneous
EDAT- 2015/07/15 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/26 06:00
CRDT- 2015/07/11 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/07/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/26 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.17796/1053-4628-39.4.382 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2015 Summer;39(4):382-6. doi: 10.17796/1053-4628-39.4.382.