PMID- 26172383
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160415
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 7
DP  - 2015
TI  - Multiple Stressors in a Top Predator Seabird: Potential Ecological Consequences 
      of Environmental Contaminants, Population Health and Breeding Conditions.
PG  - e0131769
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0131769 [doi]
LID - e0131769
AB  - Environmental contaminants may have impacts on reproduction and survival in 
      wildlife populations suffering from multiple stressors. This study examined 
      whether adverse effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) increased with 
      poor population health and breeding conditions in three colonies (60-74 degrees N) of 
      great skua (Stercorarius skua) in the north-eastern Atlantic (Shetland, Iceland 
      and Bjornoya [Bear Island]). POPs (organochlorines [OCs] and polybrominated 
      diphenyl ethers [BDEs]) were measured in plasma of incubating birds (n = 222), 
      concentrations differing nearly tenfold among colonies: Bjornoya (2009) > 
      Bjornoya (2010) > Iceland (2009) > Shetland (2009). Reproductive success 
      (hatching success and chick survival) showed that breeding conditions were 
      favourable in Shetland and at Bjornoya (2010), but were very poor in Iceland and 
      at Bjornoya (2009). Biomarkers indicated that health was poor in the Shetland 
      population compared to the other populations. Females whose chicks hatched late 
      had high POP concentrations in all colonies except at Bjornoya (2010), and 
      females losing their eggs at Bjornoya (2009) tended to have higher concentrations 
      than those hatching. Moreover, there was a negative relationship between female 
      POP concentrations and chick body condition at hatching in Iceland and at 
      Bjornoya (2010). Supplementary feeding experiments were conducted, and in Iceland 
      where feeding conditions were poor, significant negative relationships were found 
      between female POP concentrations and daily growth-rate in first-hatched chicks 
      of control nests, but not in food supplemented nests. This suggests that negative 
      impacts of POPs were mitigated by improved feeding conditions. For second-chicks, 
      there was a strong negative relationship between the female POP concentrations 
      and growth-rate, but no effects of supplementary feeding. Lowered adult 
      return-rate between breeding seasons with increasing POP loads were found both at 
      Bjornoya (2009) and in Shetland, especially related to BDEs. This indicates 
      stronger fitness consequences of POPs following seasons with very poor breeding 
      conditions and/or high reproductive effort. This study suggests that the impacts 
      of POPs may differ depending on population health and breeding conditions, and 
      that even low concentrations of POPs could have ecological consequences during 
      adverse circumstances. This is important with regard to risk assessment of 
      biomagnifying contaminants in marine ecosystems.
FAU - Bustnes, Jan O
AU  - Bustnes JO
AD  - Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, 9296, Tromso, 
      Norway.
FAU - Bourgeon, Sophie
AU  - Bourgeon S
AD  - Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, 9296, Tromso, 
      Norway; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Leat, Eliza H K
AU  - Leat EH
AD  - College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, 
      University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
FAU - Magnusdottir, Ellen
AU  - Magnusdottir E
AD  - University of Iceland, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, IS-107, 
      Reykjavik, Iceland.
FAU - Strom, Hallvard
AU  - Strom H
AD  - Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Hanssen, Sveinn A
AU  - Hanssen SA
AD  - Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, 9296, Tromso, 
      Norway.
FAU - Petersen, Aevar
AU  - Petersen A
AD  - Brautarland 2, 108, Reykjavik, Iceland.
FAU - Olafsdottir, Kristin
AU  - Olafsdottir K
AD  - University of Iceland, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, IS-107, 
      Reykjavik, Iceland.
FAU - Borga, Katrine
AU  - Borga K
AD  - Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box, 1066 Blindern, 0316, 
      Oslo, Norway.
FAU - Gabrielsen, Geir W
AU  - Gabrielsen GW
AD  - Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromso, Norway.
FAU - Furness, Robert W
AU  - Furness RW
AD  - College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, 
      University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150714
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Breeding
MH  - Charadriiformes/growth & development/*physiology
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Organic Chemicals/analysis/toxicity
MH  - Population Dynamics
MH  - *Predatory Behavior
MH  - Reproduction/drug effects
MH  - Stress, Physiological/*drug effects
PMC - PMC4501839
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2015/07/15 06:00
MHDA- 2016/04/16 06:00
PMCR- 2015/07/14
CRDT- 2015/07/15 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/06/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/07/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/07/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/04/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/07/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-53443 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0131769 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2015 Jul 14;10(7):e0131769. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131769. 
      eCollection 2015.