PMID- 26173772
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160217
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1475-2840 (Electronic)
IS  - 1475-2840 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2015 Jul 16
TI  - Vitamin D status is associated with skin autofluorescence in patients with type 2 
      diabetes mellitus: a preliminary report.
PG  - 89
LID - 10.1186/s12933-015-0250-z [doi]
LID - 89
AB  - BACKGROUND: Skin autofluorescence is a non-invasive measurement of advanced 
      glycation end products (AGE), which are suggested to be one of the major agents 
      in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes related cardiovascular 
      complications. Recently, low vitamin D status has been linked to the progression 
      of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this 
      study is to investigate the association between vitamin D status and skin 
      autofluorescence in patients with T2DM. METHODS: In this preliminary report skin 
      autofluorescence was measured non-invasively with an AGE-reader in 245 patients 
      with T2DM treated with lifestyle advice, metformin and/or 
      sulphonylurea-derivatives. All patients were randomly assigned to receive either 
      vitamin D 50,000 IU/month or placebo for 6 months. RESULTS: Skin autofluorescence 
      was significantly higher in patients with a serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l compared to 
      patients with a serum 25(OH)D > 75 nmol/l (2.81 versus 2.41; p < 0.001). Mean 
      serum 25(OH)D was 60.3 +/- 23.4 nmol/l and was independently associated with skin 
      autofluorescence (beta -0.006; p < 0.001). Mean vitamin D increased from 60.8 to 
      103.6 nmol/l in the intervention group, however no effect was seen on 
      accumulation of skin AGEs after 6 months compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Vitamin D status is independently associated with skin auto fluorescence in 
      patients with well-controlled T2DM. No effect was seen on the amount of skin AGEs 
      after a short period of 6 months vitamin D supplementation. Further research with 
      longer follow-up and measurement of circulating advanced glycation end products 
      is needed to elucidate the causality of the association.
FAU - Krul-Poel, Y H M
AU  - Krul-Poel YH
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Alkmaar, PO Box 7057, 
      Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. y.h.m.krul-poel@mca.nl.
FAU - Agca, R
AU  - Agca R
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Alkmaar, PO Box 7057, 
      Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. r.agca@reade.nl.
FAU - Lips, P
AU  - Lips P
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Centre, 
      Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.lips@vumc.nl.
FAU - van Wijland, H
AU  - van Wijland H
AD  - Department of General Practice, DIAZON, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. 
      wijland@deleonnet.nl.
FAU - Stam, F
AU  - Stam F
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Alkmaar, PO Box 7057, 
      Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. frank.stam@mca.nl.
FAU - Simsek, S
AU  - Simsek S
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Alkmaar, PO Box 7057, 
      Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. s.simsek@mca.nl.
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Centre, 
      Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.simsek@mca.nl.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20150716
PL  - England
TA  - Cardiovasc Diabetol
JT  - Cardiovascular diabetology
JID - 101147637
RN  - 0 (Glycation End Products, Advanced)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Sulfonylurea Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Vitamins)
RN  - 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
RN  - A288AR3C9H (25-hydroxyvitamin D)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Complications/complications
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/*metabolism/therapy
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Female
MH  - Glycation End Products, Advanced/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - Metformin/therapeutic use
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Optical Imaging
MH  - Risk Reduction Behavior
MH  - Skin/*metabolism
MH  - Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
MH  - Vitamin D/*analogs & derivatives/blood/*therapeutic use
MH  - Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Vitamins/*therapeutic use
PMC - PMC4503297
EDAT- 2015/07/16 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/18 06:00
PMCR- 2015/07/16
CRDT- 2015/07/16 06:00
PHST- 2015/02/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/06/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/07/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/07/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/07/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12933-015-0250-z [pii]
AID - 250 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12933-015-0250-z [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015 Jul 16;14:89. doi: 10.1186/s12933-015-0250-z.