PMID- 26191526
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150720
LR  - 20240323
IS  - 2296-4185 (Print)
IS  - 2296-4185 (Electronic)
IS  - 2296-4185 (Linking)
VI  - 3
DP  - 2015
TI  - Microsphere-Based Scaffolds Carrying Opposing Gradients of Chondroitin Sulfate 
      and Tricalcium Phosphate.
PG  - 96
LID - 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00096 [doi]
LID - 96
AB  - Extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and 
      tricalcium phosphate, serve as raw materials, and thus spatial patterning of 
      these raw materials may be leveraged to mimic the smooth transition of physical, 
      chemical, and mechanical properties at the bone-cartilage interface. We 
      hypothesized that encapsulation of opposing gradients of these raw materials in 
      high molecular weight poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere-based 
      scaffolds would enhance differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived stromal cells. 
      The raw material encapsulation altered the microstructure of the microspheres and 
      also influenced the cellular morphology that depended on the type of material 
      encapsulated. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the raw material 
      encapsulating microsphere-based scaffolds initially relied on the composition of 
      the scaffolds and later on were primarily governed by the degradation of the 
      polymer phase and newly synthesized ECM by the seeded cells. Furthermore, raw 
      materials had a mitogenic effect on the seeded cells and led to increased 
      glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen, and calcium content. Interestingly, the 
      initial effects of raw material encapsulation on a per-cell basis might have been 
      overshadowed by medium-regulated environment that appeared to favor osteogenesis. 
      However, it is to be noted that in vivo, differentiation of the cells would be 
      governed by the surrounding native environment. Thus, the results of this study 
      demonstrated the potential of the raw materials in facilitating neo-tissue 
      synthesis in microsphere-based scaffolds and perhaps in combination with 
      bioactive signals, these raw materials may be able to achieve intricate cell 
      differentiation profiles required for regenerating the osteochondral interface.
FAU - Gupta, Vineet
AU  - Gupta V
AD  - Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS , USA.
FAU - Mohan, Neethu
AU  - Mohan N
AD  - Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical 
      Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and 
      Technology , Trivandrum , India.
FAU - Berkland, Cory J
AU  - Berkland CJ
AD  - Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS , USA ; 
      Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS , 
      USA.
FAU - Detamore, Michael S
AU  - Detamore MS
AD  - Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS , USA ; 
      Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas , 
      Lawrence, KS , USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AR056347/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150701
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Bioeng Biotechnol
JT  - Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
JID - 101632513
PMC - PMC4486839
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - chondroitin sulfate
OT  - gradient
OT  - microsphere-based scaffolds
OT  - raw materials
OT  - tricalcium phosphate
EDAT- 2015/07/21 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/21 06:01
PMCR- 2015/01/01
CRDT- 2015/07/21 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/06/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/07/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/07/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/21 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00096 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2015 Jul 1;3:96. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00096. 
      eCollection 2015.