PMID- 26198994
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160620
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1432-1262 (Electronic)
IS  - 0179-1958 (Print)
IS  - 0179-1958 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 10
DP  - 2015 Oct
TI  - Chronic radiation proctitis: tricks to prevent and treat.
PG  - 1293-303
LID - 10.1007/s00384-015-2289-4 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to give an overview of the measures used 
      to prevent chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) and to provide an algorithm for the 
      treatment of CRP. METHODS: Medical literature databases including PubMed and 
      Medline were screened and critically analyzed for relevance in the scope of our 
      purpose. RESULTS: CRP is a relatively frequent late side effect (5-20%) and 
      mainly dependent on the dose and volume of irradiated rectum. Radiation treatment 
      (RT) techniques to prevent CRP are constantly improving thanks to image-guided RT 
      and intensity-modulated RT. Also, newer techniques like protons and new devices 
      such as rectum spacers and balloons have been developed to spare rectal 
      structures. Biopsies do not contribute to diagnosing CRP and should be avoided 
      because of the risk of severe rectal wall damage, such as necrosis and fistulas. 
      There is no consensus on the optimal treatment of CRP. A variety of possibilities 
      is available and includes topical and oral agents, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and 
      endoscopic interventions. CONCLUSIONS: CRP has a natural history of improving 
      over time, even without treatment. This is important to take into account when 
      considering these treatments: first be conservative (topical and oral agents) and 
      be aware that invasive treatments can be very toxic.
FAU - Vanneste, Ben G L
AU  - Vanneste BG
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW-School for Oncology and 
      Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3035, 6202 
      NA, Maastricht, The Netherlands. ben.vanneste@maastro.nl.
FAU - Van De Voorde, Lien
AU  - Van De Voorde L
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW-School for Oncology and 
      Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3035, 6202 
      NA, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
FAU - de Ridder, Rogier J
AU  - de Ridder RJ
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 
      The Netherlands.
FAU - Van Limbergen, Evert J
AU  - Van Limbergen EJ
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW-School for Oncology and 
      Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3035, 6202 
      NA, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
FAU - Lambin, Philippe
AU  - Lambin P
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW-School for Oncology and 
      Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3035, 6202 
      NA, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
FAU - van Lin, Emile N
AU  - van Lin EN
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO Clinic), GROW-School for Oncology and 
      Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3035, 6202 
      NA, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20150723
PL  - Germany
TA  - Int J Colorectal Dis
JT  - International journal of colorectal disease
JID - 8607899
SB  - IM
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Humans
MH  - Proctitis/diagnosis/prevention & control/*therapy
MH  - Radiation Injuries/diagnosis/prevention & control/*therapy
MH  - Radiotherapy/*adverse effects
MH  - Radiotherapy Dosage
PMC - PMC4575375
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Prevention
OT  - Radiation proctitis
OT  - Radiotherapy
OT  - Treatment
EDAT- 2015/07/23 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/21 06:00
PMCR- 2015/07/23
CRDT- 2015/07/23 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/07/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/07/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/07/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00384-015-2289-4 [pii]
AID - 2289 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00384-015-2289-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Colorectal Dis. 2015 Oct;30(10):1293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00384-015-2289-4. 
      Epub 2015 Jul 23.