PMID- 26210111
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151201
LR  - 20150811
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1409
DP  - 2015 Aug 28
TI  - A salting out system for improving the efficiency of the headspace solid-phase 
      microextraction of short and medium chain free fatty acids.
PG  - 282-7
LID - S0021-9673(15)01019-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.051 [doi]
AB  - Given the importance of short and medium chain free fatty acids (FFAs) in several 
      fields, this study sought to improve the extraction efficiency of the solid-phase 
      microextraction (SPME) of FFAs by evaluating salting out agents that appear 
      promising for this application. The salts ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and sodium 
      dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) were tried on their own and in combination 
      (3.7/1), in four different total amounts, as salting out agents in the 
      headspace-SPME-gas chromatographic (HS-SPME-GC) analysis of the FFAs from acetic 
      acid (C2) to decanoic acid (C10). Their performance in a model system of an 
      aqueous standard mixture of FFAs at a pH of 3.5 was compared to that of the more 
      commonly used sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). All of the 
      salts and salt systems evaluated, in proper amount, gave improved results 
      compared to NaCl (saturated), which instead gave interesting results only for the 
      least volatile FFAs C8 and C10. For C2-C6, the salt system that gave the best 
      results compared to NaCl was (NH4)2SO4/NaH2PO4, in the highest of the four 
      amounts evaluated, with factor increases between 1.2 and 4.1-fold, and NaH2PO4, 
      between 1.0 and 4.3-fold. The SPME extraction efficiency given by the mixture 
      (NH4)2SO4/NaH2PO4 was also assessed on biological and food samples, confirming 
      that overall it performed better than NaCl.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Fiorini, Dennis
AU  - Fiorini D
AD  - Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, V. 
      S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy. Electronic address: 
      dennis.fiorini@unicam.it.
FAU - Pacetti, Deborah
AU  - Pacetti D
AD  - Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Universita 
      Politecnica delle Marche, V. Brecce Bianche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy.
FAU - Gabbianelli, Rosita
AU  - Gabbianelli R
AD  - School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, V. S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, 
      MC, Italy.
FAU - Gabrielli, Serena
AU  - Gabrielli S
AD  - Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, V. 
      S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
FAU - Ballini, Roberto
AU  - Ballini R
AD  - Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, V. 
      S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150716
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Acetates)
RN  - 0 (Decanoic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Nonesterified)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Volatile)
RN  - 0 (Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Sulfates)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
RN  - 0YPR65R21J (sodium sulfate)
RN  - 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride)
RN  - 4G9EDB6V73 (decanoic acid)
RN  - SE337SVY37 (sodium phosphate)
RN  - SU46BAM238 (Ammonium Sulfate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetates/analysis
MH  - Ammonium Sulfate/*chemistry
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cheese/analysis
MH  - Chromatography, Gas/methods
MH  - Decanoic Acids/analysis
MH  - Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/*analysis
MH  - Fatty Acids, Volatile/*analysis
MH  - Feces/chemistry
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Phosphates/*chemistry
MH  - Rats
MH  - Sodium Chloride/*chemistry
MH  - Solid Phase Microextraction
MH  - Sulfates/*chemistry
MH  - Water
MH  - Wine/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ammonium sulfate
OT  - Free fatty acids
OT  - Salting out
OT  - Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
OT  - Solid-phase microextraction
EDAT- 2015/07/27 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2015/07/27 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/07/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/07/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/07/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/07/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0021-9673(15)01019-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.051 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2015 Aug 28;1409:282-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.051. Epub 
      2015 Jul 16.