PMID- 26227670
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160412
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1520-5118 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-8561 (Linking)
VI  - 63
IP  - 33
DP  - 2015 Aug 26
TI  - Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier and 
      Modulates Neuronal Bioelectric Activity in Rat Hippocampus at Dietary-Consistent 
      Amounts.
PG  - 7353-60
LID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02612 [doi]
AB  - Indicaxanthin is a bioactive and bioavailable betalain pigment from the Opuntia 
      ficus-indica fruits. In this in vivo study, kinetic measurements showed that 
      indicaxanthin is revealed in the rat brain within 1 h from oral administration of 
      2 mumol/kg, an amount compatible with a dietary consumption of cactus pear fruits 
      in humans. A peak (20 +/- 2.4 ng of indicaxanthin per whole brain) was measured 
      after 2.5 h; thereafter the molecule disappeared with first order kinetics within 
      4 h. The potential of indicaxanthin to affect neural activities was in vivo 
      investigated by a microiontophoretic approach. Indicaxanthin, administered in a 
      range between 0.085 ng and 0.34 ng per neuron, dose-dependently modulated the 
      rate of discharge of spontaneously active neurons of the hippocampus, with 
      reduction of the discharge and related changes of latency and duration of the 
      effect. Indicaxanthin (0.34 ng/neuron) showed inhibitory effects on 
      glutamate-induced excitation, indicating activity at the level of glutamatergic 
      synapses. A molecular target of indicaxanthin is suggested by in silico molecular 
      modeling of indicaxanthin with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), the most 
      represented of the glutamate receptor family in hippocampus. Therefore, at 
      nutritionally compatible amounts indicaxanthin (i) crosses the rat BBB and 
      accumulates in brain; (ii) can affect the bioelectric activity of hippocampal 
      neurons locally treated with amounts comparable with those measured in the brain; 
      and (iii) modulates glutamate-induced neuronal excitation. The potential of 
      dietary indicaxanthin as a natural neuromodulatory agent deserves further 
      mechanistic and neurophysiologic investigation.
FAU - Allegra, Mario
AU  - Allegra M
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, 
      University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Carletti, Fabio
AU  - Carletti F
AD  - Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di 
      Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 
      Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Gambino, Giuditta
AU  - Gambino G
AD  - Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di 
      Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 
      Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Tutone, Marco
AU  - Tutone M
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, 
      University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Attanzio, Alessandro
AU  - Attanzio A
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, 
      University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Tesoriere, Luisa
AU  - Tesoriere L
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, 
      University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Ferraro, Giuseppe
AU  - Ferraro G
AD  - Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di 
      Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 
      Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Sardo, Pierangelo
AU  - Sardo P
AD  - Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di 
      Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 
      Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Almerico, Anna Maria
AU  - Almerico AM
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, 
      University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Livrea, Maria Antonia
AU  - Livrea MA
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, 
      University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150813
PL  - United States
TA  - J Agric Food Chem
JT  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
JID - 0374755
RN  - 0 (Betaxanthins)
RN  - 0 (Pyridines)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glutamate)
RN  - 0 (indicaxanthin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Betaxanthins/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
MH  - Blood-Brain Barrier/*drug effects
MH  - Electrophysiology/methods
MH  - Hippocampus/*drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Neurons/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Opuntia/*chemistry
MH  - Pyridines/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BBB
OT  - electrophysiology
OT  - hippocampus
OT  - indicaxanthin
OT  - microiontophoresis
OT  - molecular modeling
OT  - phytochemicals
EDAT- 2015/08/01 06:00
MHDA- 2016/04/14 06:00
CRDT- 2015/08/01 06:00
PHST- 2015/08/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/08/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/04/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02612 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Aug 26;63(33):7353-60. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02612. 
      Epub 2015 Aug 13.