PMID- 26253215 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160628 LR - 20150928 IS - 1873-507X (Electronic) IS - 0031-9384 (Linking) VI - 151 DP - 2015 Nov 1 TI - Apoptotic markers and DNA damage are related to late phase of stroke: Involvement of dyslipidemia and inflammation. PG - 369-78 LID - S0031-9384(15)30059-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.005 [doi] AB - Oxidative stress and brain inflammation are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of cerebral injury in acute stroke, leading to apoptosis and cell death. Lipid accumulation may lead to progression of carotid plaques and inflammation, contributing to increased acute stroke risk. However, little is known about these events and markers in the late stroke (>6 months) and if dyslipidemia could contribute to disease's pathophysiology in a later phase. In this case-control study, we recruited patients in the late stroke phase (n=40) and health subjects (control group; n = 40). Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH), nitrite/nitrate (NOx), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Caspase 8 (CASP 8), Caspase 3 (CASP 3) and Picogreen (PG) were measured in periphery blood samples. Furthermore, a correlation among all measured markers (DCFH, NOx, TNF-alpha, AChE, CASP 8, CASP 3 and PG) was realized. The marker levels were also compared to triglycerides (TG), total (CHO), LDL and HDL cholesterol levels and medications used. Statistical analyses showed that stroke patients presented an increase of DCFH, NOx, TNF-alpha and AChE levels when compared to control subjects. In addition, we observed that stroke patients had significantly higher CASP 8, CASP 3 and PG levels than control group. A significant correlation between TNF-alpha with CASP 8 (r = 0.4) and CASP 3 (r = 0.4) levels was observed, but not with oxidative/nitrosative markers. Moreover, we observed that stroke patients with dyslipidemia had significantly higher TNF-alpha, CASP 8 and CASP 3 levels than stroke without dyslipidemia and control groups. Our findings suggest that oxidative and inflammatory markers may be still increased and lead to caspase activation and DNA damage even after 6 months to cerebral injury. Furthermore, it is plausible to propose that dyslipidemia may contribute to worsen proinflammatory state in a later phase of stroke and an increased risk to new neurovascular events. CI - Copyright (c) 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc. FAU - Pascotini, Eduardo Tanuri AU - Pascotini ET AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Flores, Ariane Ethur AU - Flores AE AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Kegler, Aline AU - Kegler A AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas, Bioquimica Toxicologica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Gabbi, Patricia AU - Gabbi P AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Bochi, Guilherme Vargas AU - Bochi GV AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Algarve, Thais Doeler AU - Algarve TD AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Prado, Ana Lucia Cervi AU - Prado AL AD - Servico de Fisioterapia, Hospital Universitario de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Duarte, Marta M M F AU - Duarte MM AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - da Cruz, Ivana B M AU - da Cruz IB AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Moresco, Rafael Noal AU - Moresco RN AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Royes, Luiz Fernando Freire AU - Royes LF AD - Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas, Bioquimica Toxicologica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Laboratorio de Bioquimica do Exercicio (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. FAU - Fighera, Michele Rechia AU - Fighera MR AD - Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas, Bioquimica Toxicologica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Laboratorio de Bioquimica do Exercicio (BIOEX), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: mrfighera@yahoo.com.br. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150804 PL - United States TA - Physiol Behav JT - Physiology & behavior JID - 0151504 RN - 0 (Nitrites) RN - 0 (Organic Chemicals) RN - 0 (PicoGreen) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) RN - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol) RN - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Apoptosis/*physiology MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Caspases/metabolism MH - Cholesterol/metabolism MH - DNA Damage/*physiology MH - Dyslipidemias/*etiology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Inflammation/*etiology MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Nitrites/metabolism MH - Organic Chemicals/metabolism MH - Stroke/*complications/*metabolism MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Caspases OT - DNA damage OT - Dyslipidemia OT - Inflammation OT - Oxidative stress OT - Stroke EDAT- 2015/08/09 06:00 MHDA- 2016/06/29 06:00 CRDT- 2015/08/09 06:00 PHST- 2015/04/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/07/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/08/01 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/08/09 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/08/09 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/06/29 06:00 [medline] AID - S0031-9384(15)30059-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.005 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Physiol Behav. 2015 Nov 1;151:369-78. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.08.005. Epub 2015 Aug 4.