PMID- 26274909
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160509
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 8
DP  - 2015
TI  - N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)-Directed Detoxification of Methacryloxylethyl Cetyl 
      Ammonium Chloride (DMAE-CB).
PG  - e0135815
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0135815 [doi]
LID - e0135815
AB  - Methacryloxylethyl cetyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-CB) is a polymerizable 
      antibacterial monomer and has been proved as an effective strategy to achieve 
      bioactive bonding with reliable bacterial inhibitory effects. However, the 
      toxicity of DMAE-CB may hamper its wide application in clinical situations. Thus, 
      this study was designed to investigate the toxicity of DMAE-CB and explore the 
      possible protective effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). High performance liquid 
      chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) 
      analysis showed that chemical binding of NAC and DMAE-CB occurred in a time 
      dependent manner. Pre-incubation of fourty-eight hours is required for adequate 
      reaction between DMAE-CB and NAC. DMAE-CB reduced human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) 
      viability in a dose-dependent manner. The toxic effects of DMAE-CB were 
      accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and reduced 
      glutathione (GSH) content. NAC alleviated DMAE-CB-induced oxidative stress. 
      Annexin V/ Propidium Iodide (PI) staining and Hoechst 33342 staining indicated 
      that DMAE-CB induced apoptosis. Collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) 
      and activation of caspase-3 were also observed after DMAE-CB treatment. NAC 
      rescued hDPCs from DMAE-CB-induced apoptosis, accompanied by lower level of MMP 
      loss and caspase-3 activity. This study assists to elucidate the mechanism 
      underlying the cytotoxic effects of DMAE-CB and provides theoretical supports for 
      the searching of effective strategies to reduce toxicity of quaternary ammonium 
      dental monomers.
FAU - Jiao, Yang
AU  - Jiao Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, 
      School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
FAU - Ma, Sai
AU  - Ma S
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, 
      School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
FAU - Li, Jing
AU  - Li J
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth 
      Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
FAU - Shan, Lequn
AU  - Shan L
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu hospital, the Fourth Military Medical 
      University, Xi'an, PR China.
FAU - Wang, Yingjie
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General and 
      Emergency, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 
      PR China.
FAU - Tian, Min
AU  - Tian M
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, 
      School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
FAU - Yang, Yanwei
AU  - Yang Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, 
      School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
FAU - Sun, Jinlong
AU  - Sun J
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, 
      School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
FAU - Ban, Jinghao
AU  - Ban J
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, 
      School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
FAU - Chen, Jihua
AU  - Chen J
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, 
      School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150814
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Methacrylates)
RN  - 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (methacryloxylethyl cetyl dimethyl ammonium)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (CASP3 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspase 3)
RN  - WYQ7N0BPYC (Acetylcysteine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetylcysteine/*pharmacology
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Apoptosis/*drug effects
MH  - Caspase 3/metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Dental Pulp/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Methacrylates/*toxicity
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects
MH  - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/*toxicity
PMC - PMC4537128
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2015/08/15 06:00
MHDA- 2016/05/10 06:00
PMCR- 2015/08/14
CRDT- 2015/08/15 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/07/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/08/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/08/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/05/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/08/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-15-25260 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0135815 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2015 Aug 14;10(8):e0135815. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135815. 
      eCollection 2015.