PMID- 26276959 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160512 LR - 20161125 IS - 1525-8955 (Electronic) IS - 0885-3010 (Linking) VI - 62 IP - 8 DP - 2015 Aug TI - Nonlocal means filter-based speckle tracking. PG - 1501-15 LID - 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007134 [doi] AB - The objective of sensorless freehand 3-D ultrasound imaging is to eliminate the need for additional tracking hardware and reduce cost and complexity. However, the accuracy of current out-of-plane pose estimation is main obstacle for full 6-degree-of-freedom (DoF) tracking. We propose a new filter-based speckle tracking framework to increase the accuracy of out-of-plane displacement estimation. In this framework, we use the displacement estimation not only for the specific speckle pattern, but for the entire image. We develop a nonlocal means (NLM) filter based on a probabilistic normal variance mixture model of ultrasound, known as Rician-inverse Gaussian (RiIG). To aggregate the local displacement estimations, Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) is used as a quality measure of the estimations. We derive an explicit analytical form of SURE for the RiIG model and use it as a weight factor. The proposed filter-based speckle tracking framework is formulated and evaluated for three commonly used noise models, including the RiIG model. The out-of-plane estimations are compared with our previously proposed model-based algorithm in a set of ex vivo experiments for different tissue types. We show that the proposed RiIG filter-based method is more accurate and less tissue-dependent than the other methods. The proposed method is also evaluated in vivo on the spines of five different subjects to assess the feasibility of a clinical application. The 6-DoF transform parameters are estimated and compared with the electromagnetic tracker measurements. The results show higher tracking accuracy for typical small lateral displacements and tilt rotations between image pairs. FAU - Afsham, Narges AU - Afsham N FAU - Rasoulian, Abtin AU - Rasoulian A FAU - Najafi, Mohammad AU - Najafi M FAU - Abolmaesumi, Purang AU - Abolmaesumi P FAU - Rohling, Robert AU - Rohling R LA - eng GR - Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - United States TA - IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control JT - IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control JID - 9882735 SB - IM MH - Algorithms MH - Animals MH - Cattle MH - Chickens MH - Elasticity Imaging Techniques/*methods MH - Humans MH - Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods MH - Models, Biological MH - Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging MH - Phantoms, Imaging MH - *Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted MH - Spine/diagnostic imaging EDAT- 2015/08/16 06:00 MHDA- 2016/05/14 06:00 CRDT- 2015/08/16 06:00 PHST- 2015/08/16 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/08/16 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/05/14 06:00 [medline] AID - 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007134 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2015 Aug;62(8):1501-15. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2015.007134.