PMID- 26278714
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161228
LR  - 20191027
IS  - 1873-5576 (Electronic)
IS  - 1568-0096 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 4
DP  - 2016
TI  - Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Increases RXRgamma-mediated Pro-apoptotic and 
      Anti-invasive Effects in Gastrointestinal Cancer Cell Lines.
PG  - 373-85
AB  - Molecules with synergistic effects often enhance the benefits of cancer therapy. 
      We observed that the major catechin of green tea, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate 
      (EGCG), induced retinoid X receptor-gamma (RXRgamma) expression in the SK-Ch-A1 
      cholangiocarcinoma cell line and in two colon carcinoma cell lines (LoVo and the 
      derivative multi-drug resistant LoVoMDR). On this basis, we analyzed the effects 
      of EGCG in combination with an RXRgamma ligand, 6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenantrene (IIF), 
      or with a ligand of retinoic acid receptor, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). IIF 
      alone and in combination with EGCG activated the retinoic X response elements and 
      induced the germ cell nuclear factor. In parallel, EGCG induced 67 kDa laminin 
      receptor expression alone and in combination with IIF. We observed a synergistic 
      growth inhibition with EGCG and IIF in combination at lower doses. These effects 
      were accompanied by apoptosis activation through the mitochondrial pathway. 
      Moreover, in LoVo cell line we observed an induction of Forkhead box O3 
      expression, another molecule involved in apoptosis activation. Finally, 
      metalloproteinase activity and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer 
      (EMMPRIN) expression were inhibited and tumor cell invasion was strongly reduced 
      in the SK-Ch-A1 cell line after treatment with EGCG and IIF. In conclusion, the 
      use of specific RXR ligands in combination with catechins could open a new 
      perspective in gastrointestinal tumor chemoprevention.
FAU - Papi, Alessio
AU  - Papi A
AD  - Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Science (BiGea), Via 
      Selmi 3, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy. alessio.papi2@unibo.it.
FAU - Govoni, Marzia
AU  - Govoni M
FAU - Ciavarella, Carmen
AU  - Ciavarella C
FAU - Spisni, Enzo
AU  - Spisni E
FAU - Orlandi, Marina
AU  - Orlandi M
FAU - Farabegoli, Fulvia
AU  - Farabegoli F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Curr Cancer Drug Targets
JT  - Current cancer drug targets
JID - 101094211
RN  - 0 (6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene)
RN  - 0 (Forkhead Box Protein O3)
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Phenanthrenes)
RN  - 0 (Retinoid X Receptor gamma)
RN  - 0 (Tea)
RN  - 5688UTC01R (Tretinoin)
RN  - 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin)
RN  - BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate)
RN  - EC 3.4.- (Metalloproteases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Apoptosis/*drug effects
MH  - Catechin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Drug Synergism
MH  - Forkhead Box Protein O3/metabolism
MH  - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Metalloproteases/metabolism
MH  - Mitochondria/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Phenanthrenes/*pharmacology
MH  - Retinoid X Receptor gamma/*metabolism
MH  - Tea/metabolism
MH  - Tretinoin/metabolism
EDAT- 2015/08/19 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/29 06:00
CRDT- 2015/08/18 06:00
PHST- 2015/03/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/07/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/08/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/08/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/08/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - CCDT-EPUB-69573 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1568009615666150817120931 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2016;16(4):373-85. doi: 
      10.2174/1568009615666150817120931.