PMID- 26286800
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160520
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 19
DP  - 2015 Oct
TI  - Threats to water resources from hexachlorobenzene waste at Kalush City 
      (Ukraine)--a review of the risks and the remediation options.
PG  - 14391-404
LID - 10.1007/s11356-015-5184-1 [doi]
AB  - The production of chlorinated solvents such as tetrachloroethylene and 
      tetrachloromethane has resulted in large stockpiles of unintentionally produced 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including high content of hexachlorobenzene 
      (HCB waste). HCB waste of 15,000 t arising from the production of chlorinated 
      solvents at the Kalush factory in Ukraine was landfilled. In 2008, it was 
      discovered that HCB and other pollutants were escaping from the landfill into 
      local environment including the Sapogi-Limnytsia Rivers, tributaries of the 
      Dniester River. This showed that the HCB waste was not appropriately contained 
      and represented a threat to the Dniester River basin. A Presidential Decree of 
      Ukraine was therefore issued requiring remediation of the site and excavation of 
      the waste. Between 2010 and 2013, approximately 29,445 t of HCB waste and 
      associated contaminated soil was excavated and exported to various EU countries 
      for incineration. This excavation revealed that these wastes can corrode through 
      their drums within a few decades with release of pollutants. Other sites at which 
      chlorinated solvents were produced should therefore be assessed for possible 
      similar pollution. Despite the remediation efforts and the excavation of the 
      landfill, the Kalush area remains a POP-contaminated site requiring further 
      assessment. A part of the waste was exported to Poland and is stored close to the 
      Baltic Sea and is treated in an incinerator with small capacity over a time frame 
      of years. This case and recent similar cases reveal that the control of POP waste 
      for destruction even in EU countries needs to be improved.
FAU - Lysychenko, Georgii
AU  - Lysychenko G
AD  - State Institution Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy 
      of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 142, 03680, Ukraine. Lysychenko@ukr.net.
FAU - Weber, Roland
AU  - Weber R
AD  - POPs Environmental Consulting, 73527, Schwabisch Gmund, Germany. 
      roland.weber10@web.de.
FAU - Kovach, Valeria
AU  - Kovach V
AD  - State Institution Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy 
      of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 142, 03680, Ukraine.
FAU - Gertsiuk, Modest
AU  - Gertsiuk M
AD  - State Institution Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy 
      of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 142, 03680, Ukraine.
FAU - Watson, Alan
AU  - Watson A
AD  - Public Interest Consultants, Eaton Crescent, Uplands, Swansea, Wales, SA1 4QR, 
      UK.
FAU - Krasnova, Iryna
AU  - Krasnova I
AD  - State Institution Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the National Academy 
      of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 142, 03680, Ukraine.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150819
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Industrial Waste)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 4Z87H0LKUY (Hexachlorobenzene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Environmental Restoration and Remediation/legislation & jurisprudence/*methods
MH  - Government Regulation
MH  - Hexachlorobenzene/*analysis
MH  - Incineration
MH  - Industrial Waste/*analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Rivers/*chemistry
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Ukraine
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
MH  - *Water Resources
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Basel Convention
OT  - Chlorinated solvent
OT  - Contaminated site
OT  - HCB
OT  - HCBD
OT  - Organochlorine production
OT  - POP waste import
OT  - POPs
OT  - Stockholm Convention
OT  - Tetrachloroethylene
EDAT- 2015/08/20 06:00
MHDA- 2016/05/21 06:00
CRDT- 2015/08/20 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/08/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/08/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/08/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/05/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-015-5184-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-015-5184-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Oct;22(19):14391-404. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-015-5184-1. Epub 2015 Aug 19.