PMID- 26287569
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161007
LR  - 20161230
IS  - 1096-9861 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9967 (Linking)
VI  - 524
IP  - 4
DP  - 2016 Mar 1
TI  - Morphological analysis of the early development of telencephalic and diencephalic 
      gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal systems in enhanced green fluorescent 
      protein-expressing transgenic medaka lines.
PG  - 896-913
LID - 10.1002/cne.23883 [doi]
AB  - Teleosts possess two or three paralogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 
      genes: gnrh1, gnrh2, and gnrh3. Some species have lost the gnrh1 and/or gnrh3 
      genes, whereas gnrh2 has been completely conserved in the teleost species 
      analyzed to date. In most teleosts that possess gnrh1, GnRH1 peptide is the 
      authentic GnRH that stimulates gonadotropin release, whereas GnRH2 and GnRH3, if 
      present, are neuromodulatory. Progenitors of GnRH1 and GnRH3 neurons originate 
      from olfactory placodes and migrate to their destination during early 
      development. However, because of the relatively low affinity/specificity of 
      generally available antibodies that recognize GnRH1 or GnRH3, labeling of these 
      neurons has only been possible using genetic manipulation. We used a model 
      teleost, medaka, which possesses all three paralogous gnrh genes, to analyze 
      development of forebrain GnRH neurons composed of GnRH1 and GnRH3 neurons. Here, 
      we newly generated transgenic medaka lines that express enhanced green 
      fluorescent protein under the control of promoters for gnrh1 or gnrh3, to detect 
      GnRH neurons and facilitate immunohistochemical analysis of the neuronal 
      morphology. We used a combination of immunohistochemistry and three-dimensional 
      confocal microscopy image reconstructions to improve identification of neurites 
      from GnRH1 or GnRH3 neuronal populations with greater precision. This led us to 
      clearly identify the hypophysiotropic innervation of GnRH1 neurons residing in 
      the ventral preoptic area (vPOA) from as early as 10 days post hatching. 
      Furthermore, these analyses also revealed retinopetal projections of 
      nonhypophysiotropic GnRH1 neurons in vPOA, prominent during early developmental 
      stages, and multiple populations of GnRH3 neurons with different origins and 
      migratory pathways.
CI  - (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Takahashi, Akiko
AU  - Takahashi A
AD  - Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of 
      Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Islam, M Sadiqul
AU  - Islam MS
AD  - Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of 
      Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Abe, Hideki
AU  - Abe H
AD  - Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of 
      Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Okubo, Kataaki
AU  - Okubo K
AD  - Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life 
      Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Akazome, Yasuhisa
AU  - Akazome Y
AD  - Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of 
      Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Kaneko, Takeshi
AU  - Kaneko T
AD  - Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 
      University, Kyoto, Japan.
FAU - Hioki, Hiroyuki
AU  - Hioki H
AD  - Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 
      University, Kyoto, Japan.
FAU - Oka, Yoshitaka
AU  - Oka Y
AD  - Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of 
      Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01-GM098151-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150903
PL  - United States
TA  - J Comp Neurol
JT  - The Journal of comparative neurology
JID - 0406041
RN  - 0 (Fish Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (enhanced green fluorescent protein)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - 33515-09-2 (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Genetically Modified
MH  - Cell Movement/physiology
MH  - Diencephalon/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Fish Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal/methods
MH  - Neurons/*cytology/metabolism
MH  - Oryzias/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Promoter Regions, Genetic
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Telencephalon/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - GnRH
OT  - GnRH neuronal ontogeny
OT  - GnRH1
OT  - GnRH3
OT  - development
OT  - medaka
OT  - pituitary
OT  - transgenics
EDAT- 2015/08/20 06:00
MHDA- 2016/10/08 06:00
CRDT- 2015/08/20 06:00
PHST- 2014/11/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/08/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/08/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/08/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/08/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/10/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/cne.23883 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Comp Neurol. 2016 Mar 1;524(4):896-913. doi: 10.1002/cne.23883. Epub 2015 Sep 
      3.