PMID- 26294200 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20161213 LR - 20161230 IS - 1896-494X (Electronic) IS - 1232-1087 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 6 DP - 2015 TI - Occupational exposure to diisocyanates in polyurethane foam factory workers. PG - 985-98 LID - 58489 [pii] LID - 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00284 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate health effects of occupational exposure to diisocyanates (DIC) among polyurethane foam products factory workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty workers had a physical examination, skin prick tests with common allergens, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to diisocyanates and pulmonary function tests. Concentrations of selected isocyanates in the workplace air samples as well as concentration of their metabolites in the urine samples collected from the workers of the plant were determined. RESULTS: The most frequent work-related symptoms reported by the examined subjects were rhinitis and skin symptoms. Sensitization to at least 1 common allergen was noted in 26.7% of the subjects. Spirometry changes of bronchial obstruction of a mild degree was observed in 5 workers. The specific IgE antibodies to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) were not detected in any of the patients' serum. Cellular profiles of the collected induced sputum (ISP) did not reveal any abnormalities. Air concentrations of TDI isomers ranged 0.2-58.9 mug/m3 and in 7 cases they exceeded the Combined Exposure Index (CEI) value for those compounds. Concentrations of TDI metabolites in post-shift urine samples were significantly higher than in the case of pre-shift urine samples and in 6 cases they exceeded the British Biological Monitoring Guidance Value (BMGV - 1 mumol amine/mol creatinine). We didn't find a correlation between urinary concentrations of TDI, concentrations in the air and concentrations of toluenediamine (TDA) in the post shift urine samples. Lack of such a correlation may be an effect of the respiratory protective equipment use. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of specific IgE in serum is not sensitive enough to serve as a biomarker. Estimation of concentrations of diisocyanate metabolites in urine samples and the presence of work-related allergic symptoms seem to be an adequate method for occupational exposure monitoring of DIC, which may help to determine workers at risk as well as to recognize hazardous workplaces. CI - This work is available in Open Access model and licensed under a CC BY-NC 3.0 PL license. FAU - Swierczynska-Machura, Dominika AU - Swierczynska-Machura D AD - Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland (Department of Occupational Diseases and Toxicology). mika@imp.lodz.pl. FAU - Brzeznicki, Slawomir AU - Brzeznicki S AD - Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland (Department of Chemical Safety). slawek@imp.lodz.pl. FAU - Nowakowska-Swirta, Ewa AU - Nowakowska-Swirta E AD - Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland (Department of Occupational Diseases and Toxicology). enow@imp.lodz.pl. FAU - Walusiak-Skorupa, Jolanta AU - Walusiak-Skorupa J AD - Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland (Department of Occupational Diseases and Toxicology). jolantaw@imp.lodz.pl. FAU - Wittczak, Tomasz AU - Wittczak T AD - The Regional Centre for Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland. tomekwit@imp.lodz.pl. FAU - Dudek, Wojciech AU - Dudek W AD - Dr Karol Jonscher City Hospital, Lodz, Poland (Department of Internal Medicine). wdudek@imp.lodz.pl. FAU - Bonczarowska, Marzena AU - Bonczarowska M AD - Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland (Department of Chemical Safety). marzena@imp.lodz.pl. FAU - Wesolowski, Wiktor AU - Wesolowski W AD - Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland (Department of Chemical Safety). wwesolow@imp.lodz.pl. FAU - Czerczak, Slawomir AU - Czerczak S AD - Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland (Department of Chemical Safety). sak@imp.lodz.pl. FAU - Palczynski, Cezary AU - Palczynski C AD - Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland (Department of Occupational Diseases and Toxicology). cpalczyn@imp.lodz.pl. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PL - Poland TA - Int J Occup Med Environ Health JT - International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health JID - 9437093 RN - 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational) RN - 0 (Polyurethanes) RN - 17X7AFZ1GH (Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate) RN - 9009-54-5 (polyurethane foam) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Air Pollutants, Occupational/*analysis MH - Environmental Monitoring/*methods MH - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Occupational Diseases/*chemically induced/metabolism MH - Polyurethanes/*chemical synthesis MH - Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate/*analysis MH - *Workplace MH - Young Adult OTO - NOTNLM OT - asthma OT - biological monitoring OT - biomarkers OT - diisocyanates OT - occupational diseases OT - occupational exposure OT - polyurethanes EDAT- 2015/08/22 06:00 MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2015/08/22 06:00 PHST- 2015/08/22 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/08/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline] AID - 58489 [pii] AID - 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00284 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2015;28(6):985-98. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00284.