PMID- 26316953
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150828
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2090-7893 (Print)
IS  - 2090-7958 (Electronic)
IS  - 2090-7958 (Linking)
VI  - 2013
DP  - 2013
TI  - The Role of Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-1 Progression: A Comprehensive 
      Review of the Literature.
PG  - 176459
LID - 10.1155/2013/176459 [doi]
LID - 176459
AB  - Due to shared routes of infection, HIV-infected persons are frequently coinfected 
      with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Studies have demonstrated the 
      bidirectional relationships between HIV and several STIs, including herpes 
      simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), hepatitis B and C viruses, human papilloma virus, 
      syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomonas. HIV-1 may affect the clinical 
      presentation, treatment outcome, and progression of STIs, such as syphilis, 
      HSV-2, and hepatitis B and C viruses. Likewise, the presence of an STI may 
      increase both genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, enhancing the transmissibility 
      of HIV-1, with important public health implications. Regarding the effect of STIs 
      on HIV-1 progression, the most studied interrelationship has been with 
      HIV-1/HSV-2 coinfection, with recent studies showing that antiherpetic 
      medications slow the time to CD4 <200 cells/microL and antiretroviral therapy among 
      coinfected patients. The impact of other chronic STIs (hepatitis B and C) on 
      HIV-1 progression requires further study, but some studies have shown increased 
      mortality rates. Treatable, nonchronic STIs (i.e., syphilis, gonorrhea, 
      chlamydia, and trichomonas) typically have no or transient impacts on plasma HIV 
      RNA levels that resolve with antimicrobial therapy; no long-term effects on 
      outcomes have been shown. Future studies are advocated to continue investigating 
      the complex interplay between HIV-1 and other STIs.
FAU - Chun, Helen M
AU  - Chun HM
AD  - Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of 
      the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, 
      CA, USA.
FAU - Carpenter, Robert J
AU  - Carpenter RJ
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson 
      Drive, Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134-1005, USA.
FAU - Macalino, Grace E
AU  - Macalino GE
AD  - Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of 
      the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
FAU - Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F
AU  - Crum-Cianflone NF
AD  - Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of 
      the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, 
      CA, USA ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 
      Bob Wilson Drive, Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92134-1005, USA ; San Diego State 
      University, San Diego, CA, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130624
PL  - United States
TA  - J Sex Transm Dis
JT  - Journal of sexually transmitted diseases
JID - 101622096
PMC - PMC4437436
EDAT- 2013/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2013/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 2013/06/24
CRDT- 2015/08/29 06:00
PHST- 2013/01/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/05/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/08/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2013/06/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2013/176459 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Sex Transm Dis. 2013;2013:176459. doi: 10.1155/2013/176459. Epub 2013 Jun 24.