PMID- 26325583
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160808
LR  - 20180303
IS  - 1872-9800 (Electronic)
IS  - 0969-8043 (Linking)
VI  - 105
DP  - 2015 Nov
TI  - Monte Carlo simulation of moderator and reflector in coal analyzer based on a D-T 
      neutron generator.
PG  - 204-208
LID - S0969-8043(15)30171-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.08.029 [doi]
AB  - Coal is one of the most popular fuels in the world. The use of coal not only 
      produces carbon dioxide, but also contributes to the environmental pollution by 
      heavy metals. In prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA)-based coal 
      analyzer, the characteristic gamma rays of C and O are mainly induced by fast 
      neutrons, whereas thermal neutrons can be used to induce the characteristic gamma 
      rays of H, Si, and heavy metals. Therefore, appropriate thermal and fast neutrons 
      are beneficial in improving the measurement accuracy of heavy metals, and ensure 
      that the measurement accuracy of main elements meets the requirements of the 
      industry. Once the required yield of the deuterium-tritium (d-T) neutron 
      generator is determined, appropriate thermal and fast neutrons can be obtained by 
      optimizing the neutron source term. In this article, the Monte Carlo N-Particle 
      (MCNP) Transport Code and Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF) database are used to 
      optimize the neutron source term in PGNAA-based coal analyzer, including the 
      material and shape of the moderator and neutron reflector. The optimized targets 
      include two points: (1) the ratio of the thermal to fast neutron is 1:1 and (2) 
      the total neutron flux from the optimized neutron source in the sample increases 
      at least 100% when compared with the initial one. The simulation results show 
      that, the total neutron flux in the sample increases 102%, 102%, 85%, 72%, and 
      62% with Pb, Bi, Nb, W, and Be reflectors, respectively. Maximum optimization of 
      the targets is achieved when the moderator is a 3-cm-thick lead layer coupled 
      with a 3-cm-thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE) layer, and the neutron 
      reflector is a 27-cm-thick hemispherical lead layer.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Shan, Qing
AU  - Shan Q
AD  - Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and 
      Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, 
      People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine 
      of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of 
      China. Electronic address: shanqing@nuaa.edu.cn.
FAU - Chu, Shengnan
AU  - Chu S
AD  - Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and 
      Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, 
      People's Republic of China.
FAU - Jia, Wenbao
AU  - Jia W
AD  - Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and 
      Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, 
      People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine 
      of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of 
      China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150820
PL  - England
TA  - Appl Radiat Isot
JT  - Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for 
      use in agriculture, industry and medicine
JID - 9306253
RN  - 0 (Coal)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Metals, Heavy)
RN  - 10028-17-8 (Tritium)
RN  - AR09D82C7G (Deuterium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Coal/*analysis
MH  - Deuterium
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/analysis
MH  - Fast Neutrons
MH  - Gamma Rays
MH  - Humans
MH  - Metals, Heavy/*analysis
MH  - Monte Carlo Method
MH  - Neutron Activation Analysis/*methods/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Tritium
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Coal
OT  - Moderator
OT  - Neutron reflector
OT  - PGNAA
OT  - Ratio of the thermal neutron to fast neutron
EDAT- 2015/09/02 06:00
MHDA- 2016/08/09 06:00
CRDT- 2015/09/02 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/08/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/08/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/09/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/09/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/08/09 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0969-8043(15)30171-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.08.029 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Radiat Isot. 2015 Nov;105:204-208. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.08.029. Epub 
      2015 Aug 20.