PMID- 26328216
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150902
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2150-0878 (Print)
IS  - 2150-0886 (Electronic)
IS  - 2150-0878 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 6
DP  - 2014 Nov-Dec
TI  - Immune Checkpoint Blockade: A New Paradigm in Treating Advanced Cancer.
PG  - 418-31
AB  - The approval of the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab for the treatment of 
      advanced melanoma in 2011 spearheaded the development of other anticancer 
      therapies with immune mechanisms of action, including other immune checkpoint 
      inhibitors. Instead of acting directly on the tumor, these therapies work to 
      "remove the brakes" on the immune system to restore antitumor immune responses. 
      In addition to ipilimumab, which targets the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated 
      antigen 4 pathway, several new drugs that target the programmed death-1 pathway 
      are in phase III trials across tumor types, including melanoma, lung cancer, and 
      renal cell carcinoma. In keeping with their unique mechanism of action, these 
      immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown both conventional and unconventional 
      response patterns, including initial apparent tumor progression followed by 
      regression, and adverse events (AEs) that are likely immune-related. Advanced 
      practitioners (APs) treating patients receiving immuno-oncology agents are in a 
      key position to educate patients about expectations with these therapies and to 
      screen patients for AEs and initiate appropriate and timely interventions. This 
      review summarizes current immune checkpoint inhibitor data and provides patient 
      management strategies for APs to optimize patient outcomes with these novel 
      therapies.
FAU - Kreamer, Kristen M
AU  - Kreamer KM
AD  - Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - J Adv Pract Oncol
JT  - Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology
JID - 101550346
PMC - PMC4530113
EDAT- 2015/09/04 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/04 06:01
PMCR- 2014/11/01
CRDT- 2015/09/02 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/09/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.6004/jadpro.2014.5.6.3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Adv Pract Oncol. 2014 Nov-Dec;5(6):418-31. doi: 10.6004/jadpro.2014.5.6.3.