PMID- 26339923
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160601
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1573-2517 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-0327 (Linking)
VI  - 187
DP  - 2015 Nov 15
TI  - Menarche age, menopause age and other reproductive factors in association with 
      post-menopausal onset depression: Results from Health Examinees Study (HEXA).
PG  - 127-35
LID - S0165-0327(15)30409-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.047 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although there are plausible mechanisms of female hormones in 
      depression, epidemiological evidence has shown conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: 
      This study aimed to evaluate the associations between female hormonal events and 
      post-menopausal depression and further investigate the relative association 
      between the age of menarche, the age of menopause and depression. METHODS: Among 
      111,589 women who took part in the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study, a total of 
      60,114 postmenopausal participants were included in the final analysis. Each 
      participant provided information on depression and questions related to 
      reproductive history. The outcome variable was self-reported by the history of 
      depression diagnosed by physicians and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies 
      Depression Scale (CES-D) score. With the multivariate logistic regression, odds 
      ratios were calculated. Possible interactions between depression prevalence and 
      the ages of menarche and menopause were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 2.2% 
      (1342/60,114) women were diagnosed with depression after menopause, and 5.9% 
      (500/8472) showed depressive symptoms. As the age of menopause and duration of 
      reproductive years increased, the odds ratio of depression decreased (P-trend 
      <0.001). As the age of menarche increased, the likelihood of physician-diagnosed 
      depression also increased (P-trend 0.048). As the number of both spontaneous and 
      induced abortions increased, the odds ratio of depression increased (P-trend 
      <0.001). LIMITATION: it is possible that women show inaccuracies in recalling 
      their hormonal events and reporting other past mental disorders as depression. 
      CONCLUSION: Both the ages of the initiation and the termination of menstruation 
      were associated with the increased odds ratio of post-menopausal depression. 
      However, the age of menopause seems to be more important.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Jung, Sun Jae
AU  - Jung SJ
AD  - Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 
      Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Shin, Aesun
AU  - Shin A
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 
      Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Kang, Daehee
AU  - Kang D
AD  - Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 
      Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National 
      University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research 
      Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 
      Electronic address: dhkang@snu.ac.kr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150828
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Affect Disord
JT  - Journal of affective disorders
JID - 7906073
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age of Onset
MH  - Depression/*epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - *Menarche
MH  - Menopause
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - *Postmenopause
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - *Reproductive History
MH  - *Women's Health
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Abortion
OT  - Depression
OT  - Hormonal life event
OT  - Menarche
OT  - Menopause
EDAT- 2015/09/05 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/02 06:00
CRDT- 2015/09/05 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/08/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/08/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/09/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/09/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0165-0327(15)30409-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.047 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Affect Disord. 2015 Nov 15;187:127-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.047. Epub 
      2015 Aug 28.