PMID- 26345515
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160916
LR  - 20151110
IS  - 1423-0313 (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-7012 (Linking)
VI  - 96
IP  - 5-6
DP  - 2015
TI  - Protective Effects of Simvastatin and Hesperidin against Complete Freund's 
      Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Rats.
PG  - 217-25
LID - 10.1159/000439538 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIMS: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling autoimmune disease for 
      which most current treatments cause massive complications, thereby limiting 
      treatment dose and duration. The anti-arthritic effects of the 
      3-hydroxy-3-metylglutary-CoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin, and the natural 
      flavonoid, hesperidin, were investigated against complete Freund's 
      adjuvant-induced RA in rats. METHODS: A normal control group, an arthritis 
      control group, 2 reference treatment groups receiving dexamethasone (1.5 
      mg/kg/day) and methotrexate (1 mg/kg/day), and 2 treatment groups receiving 
      simvastatin (0.5 mg/kg/day) and hesperidin (200 mg/kg/day) were included in the 
      study. Serum rheumatoid factor, matrix metalloprotinease-3 (MMP-3) and cartilage 
      oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) as specific rheumatoid biomarkers, serum 
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) and antinuclear antibody (ANA) as immunological 
      biomarkers, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 as 
      immunomodulatory cytokines, serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) and C-reactive protein as 
      inflammatory biomarkers, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as 
      oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed, supported by joint and spleen 
      histopathological study. RESULTS: Simvastatin significantly improved all the 
      measured biomarkers, with MMP-3, COMP, and GSH restored to normal levels. 
      Hesperidin significantly improved all the measured biomarkers, with COMP, IgG, 
      ANA, MPO, MDA and GSH restored to normal levels. CONCLUSION: Simvastatin and 
      hesperidin may be promising protective agents against RA through 
      immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials.
CI  - (c) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Ahmed, Yasmin Moustafa
AU  - Ahmed YM
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 
      Beni-Suef, Egypt.
FAU - Messiha, Basim A S
AU  - Messiha BA
FAU - Abo-Saif, Ali Ahmed
AU  - Abo-Saif AA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150909
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmacology
JT  - Pharmacology
JID - 0152016
RN  - 0 (Antirheumatic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulins)
RN  - 9007-81-2 (Freund's Adjuvant)
RN  - AGG2FN16EV (Simvastatin)
RN  - E750O06Y6O (Hesperidin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antirheumatic Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
MH  - Arthritis, Experimental/immunology/pathology/*prevention & control
MH  - Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology/pathology/*prevention & control
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Freund's Adjuvant/*immunology
MH  - Hesperidin/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
MH  - Immunoglobulins/blood
MH  - Joints/drug effects/immunology/pathology
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Simvastatin/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
MH  - Spleen/drug effects/pathology
EDAT- 2015/09/09 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/17 06:00
CRDT- 2015/09/09 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/08/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/09/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/09/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/17 06:00 [medline]
AID - 000439538 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000439538 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pharmacology. 2015;96(5-6):217-25. doi: 10.1159/000439538. Epub 2015 Sep 9.