PMID- 26367190
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160720
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 539
DP  - 2016 Jan 1
TI  - Levels and profiles of brominated and chlorinated contaminants in human breast 
      milk from Thessaloniki, Greece.
PG  - 350-358
LID - S0048-9697(15)30639-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.137 [doi]
AB  - Human breast milk samples (n=87) collected between July 2004 and July 2005 from 
      primipara and multipara mothers from Thessaloniki, Greece were analysed for six 
      groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs): polybrominated diphenyl ethers 
      (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and 
      its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers 
      (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). DDTs [median: 410ng/g lipid weight (lw)], 
      PCBs (median: 90ng/g lw) and HCHs (median: 40ng/g lw) were the predominantly 
      identified compounds in all the breast milk samples. Levels of PBDEs (median: 
      1.5ng/g lw) in human breast milk samples from Thessaloniki, Greece were lower 
      compared to other countries. Maternal age had a positive correlation with most 
      compounds, but not with PBDEs. Women with a higher occupational exposure to PBDEs 
      (i.e., working in office environments) had higher PBDE concentrations than all 
      others and showed strong correlations, especially for BDE 47 and BDE 153. None of 
      the analysed compounds showed any correlation with parity. Based on these levels, 
      the daily intake of each group of POPs via human milk was calculated and compared 
      with the tolerable daily intakes (TDI) or the reference doses (RfD). For the 
      majority of samples (85 out of 87) a higher daily intake of PCBs than the TDI was 
      calculated, while 11 out of 87 samples had a higher HCB intake than the TDI. The 
      TDI and the RfD were not exceeded for DDTs and PBDEs, respectively. This is the 
      first report of brominated flame retardants in human breast milk from Greece.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Dimitriadou, Lida
AU  - Dimitriadou L
AD  - Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 
      81100, Greece.
FAU - Malarvannan, Govindan
AU  - Malarvannan G
AD  - Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, 
      Belgium.
FAU - Covaci, Adrian
AU  - Covaci A
AD  - Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, 
      Belgium.
FAU - Iossifidou, Eleni
AU  - Iossifidou E
AD  - Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 
      Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Tzafettas, John
AU  - Tzafettas J
AD  - Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle 
      University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; European Interbalkan 
      Medical Center of Thessaloniki, Pylaia, 544 54 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Zournatzi-Koiou, Vassiliki
AU  - Zournatzi-Koiou V
AD  - Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle 
      University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Kalantzi, Olga-Ioanna
AU  - Kalantzi OI
AD  - Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 
      81100, Greece. Electronic address: kalantzi@aegean.gr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150911
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Polybrominated Biphenyls)
RN  - 0 (hexabrominated diphenyl ether 153)
RN  - 0N97R5X10X (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether)
RN  - 12789-03-6 (Chlordan)
RN  - 4Z87H0LKUY (Hexachlorobenzene)
RN  - 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane)
RN  - CIW5S16655 (DDT)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Chlordan/metabolism
MH  - DDT/metabolism
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Flame Retardants/metabolism
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/metabolism
MH  - Hexachlorobenzene/metabolism
MH  - Hexachlorocyclohexane/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/metabolism
MH  - Maternal Exposure/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Milk, Human/*metabolism
MH  - Polybrominated Biphenyls/metabolism
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brominated flame retardants
OT  - Greece
OT  - Health risk
OT  - Human breast milk
OT  - Infants
OT  - POPs
OT  - Thessaloniki
EDAT- 2015/09/15 06:00
MHDA- 2016/07/21 06:00
CRDT- 2015/09/15 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/08/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/08/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/09/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/09/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/07/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(15)30639-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.137 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jan 1;539:350-358. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.137. 
      Epub 2015 Sep 11.