PMID- 26404710
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151222
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1546-1726 (Electronic)
IS  - 1097-6256 (Print)
IS  - 1097-6256 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 10
DP  - 2015 Oct
TI  - Mechanisms of stress in the brain.
PG  - 1353-63
LID - 10.1038/nn.4086 [doi]
AB  - The brain is the central organ involved in perceiving and adapting to social and 
      physical stressors via multiple interacting mediators, from the cell surface to 
      the cytoskeleton to epigenetic regulation and nongenomic mechanisms. A key result 
      of stress is structural remodeling of neural architecture, which may be a sign of 
      successful adaptation, whereas persistence of these changes when stress ends 
      indicates failed resilience. Excitatory amino acids and glucocorticoids have key 
      roles in these processes, along with a growing list of extra- and intracellular 
      mediators that includes endocannabinoids and brain-derived neurotrophic factor 
      (BDNF). The result is a continually changing pattern of gene expression mediated 
      by epigenetic mechanisms involving histone modifications and CpG methylation and 
      hydroxymethylation as well as by the activity of retrotransposons that may alter 
      genomic stability. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of plasticity and 
      vulnerability of the brain provides a basis for understanding the efficacy of 
      interventions for anxiety and depressive disorders as well as age-related 
      cognitive decline.
FAU - McEwen, Bruce S
AU  - McEwen BS
AD  - Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 
      USA.
FAU - Bowles, Nicole P
AU  - Bowles NP
AD  - Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 
      USA.
FAU - Gray, Jason D
AU  - Gray JD
AD  - Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 
      USA.
FAU - Hill, Matthew N
AU  - Hill MN
AD  - Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
FAU - Hunter, Richard G
AU  - Hunter RG
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, 
      Massachusetts, USA.
FAU - Karatsoreos, Ilia N
AU  - Karatsoreos IN
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5605-4962
AD  - Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State 
      University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
FAU - Nasca, Carla
AU  - Nasca C
AD  - Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - F32 MH102065/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH041256/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH41256/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20150925
PL  - United States
TA  - Nat Neurosci
JT  - Nature neuroscience
JID - 9809671
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*physiopathology
MH  - Epigenesis, Genetic
MH  - Humans
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
MH  - Stress, Psychological/physiopathology/*psychology
PMC - PMC4933289
MID - NIHMS797804
COIS- The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2015/09/26 06:00
MHDA- 2015/12/23 06:00
PMCR- 2016/07/05
CRDT- 2015/09/26 06:00
PHST- 2015/04/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/07/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/09/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/09/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/12/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/07/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nn.4086 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/nn.4086 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nat Neurosci. 2015 Oct;18(10):1353-63. doi: 10.1038/nn.4086. Epub 2015 Sep 25.