PMID- 26408971
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160902
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 144
DP  - 2016 Feb
TI  - Residue levels and risk assessment of pesticides in nuts of China.
PG  - 645-51
LID - S0045-6535(15)30093-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.008 [doi]
AB  - The pesticide residue levels of three nuts (chestnut, walnut, pinenut) collected 
      from seven main producing areas of China were investigated. Twenty-nine 
      pesticides, including organophosphates (OPs), organochlorines (OCs), pyrethroids 
      (PYs) and two fungicides (triadimefon and buprofezin) were analyzed by gas 
      chromatography (GC). Four OPs (acephate, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos and 
      parathion-methyl) were found in 11.4% samples, with the concentrations of 19.0 microg 
      kg(-1) to 74.0 microg kg(-1). Six OCs (DDT, HCH, endosulfan, quintozene, aldrin and 
      dieldrin) were found in 18.2% samples, with the concentrations of 2.0 microg kg(-1) 
      to 65.7 microg kg(-1). Among OCs, p,p-DDE and alpha-HCH were the dominant isomer for DDT 
      and HCH. Five PYs (fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, cypermethrin, bifenthrin and 
      cyhalothrin) were found in 15.9% samples, with the concentrations of 2.5 microg 
      kg(-1) to 433.0 microg kg(-1). Fenpropathrin was the most frequently detected 
      pesticide. In addition, triadimefon and buprofezin were detected only in two 
      samples. For the tested nuts, 25.0% samples with multiple residues (containing 
      more than two pesticides) were noted, even up to 9.1% samples with five pesticide 
      residues. The residue of 15.9% samples was higher than the maximum residue limits 
      (MRLs) of China. The short-term risks for the tested nuts were below 1.2%, and 
      the highest long-term risk was 12.58%. The cumulative risk (cHI) for the tested 
      pesticides were 8.43% (OPs), 0.42% (OCs), 12.82% (PYs) and 0.15% (fungicides), 
      respectively. The total cHI was 21.82%. There was no significant health risk for 
      consumers via nuts consumption.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Liu, Yihua
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 
      311400, China.
FAU - Shen, Danyu
AU  - Shen D
AD  - Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 
      311400, China.
FAU - Li, Shiliang
AU  - Li S
AD  - Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 
      311400, China.
FAU - Ni, Zhanglin
AU  - Ni Z
AD  - Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 
      311400, China.
FAU - Ding, Ming
AU  - Ding M
AD  - Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 
      311400, China.
FAU - Ye, Caifen
AU  - Ye C
AD  - Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 
      311400, China.
FAU - Tang, Fubin
AU  - Tang F
AD  - Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 
      311400, China. Electronic address: yalin_zj@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150925
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - China
MH  - Food Contamination/*analysis
MH  - Nuts/*chemistry
MH  - Pesticide Residues/*analysis/toxicity
MH  - Risk Assessment
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Food safety
OT  - Nut
OT  - Pesticide
OT  - Residue
OT  - Risk assessment
EDAT- 2015/09/27 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/03 06:00
CRDT- 2015/09/27 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/09/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/09/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/09/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/09/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(15)30093-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.008 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2016 Feb;144:645-51. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.008. Epub 
      2015 Sep 25.