PMID- 26411578
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20161230
IS  - 1479-487X (Electronic)
IS  - 0959-3330 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 9
DP  - 2016
TI  - Performance evaluation of the anammox hybrid reactor seeded with mixed inoculum 
      sludge.
PG  - 1065-76
LID - 10.1080/09593330.2015.1100686 [doi]
AB  - Long startup and poor granulation are the major bottlenecks in field-scale 
      application of the anammox (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) process. In the present 
      study, the anammox process was investigated in a modified anammox hybrid reactor 
      (AHR) inoculated with mixed seed culture (anoxic and activated sludge). The 
      startup study delineated four distinct phases, i.e. cell lysis, lag phase, 
      activity elevation and stationary phase. Use of mixed seed culture at influent 
      [Formula: see text] ratio (1:1) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 d led to 
      early startup of the anammox process. The removal efficiencies of [Formula: see 
      text] and [Formula: see text] during acclimation were found to be 94.3% and 
      96.4%, respectively, at nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 0.35 kg N/m(3) d. Pearson 
      correlation analysis dictated strong and positive correlation of HRT and sludge 
      retention time (SRT) with nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) while NLR and sludge 
      loading rate (SLR) were negatively correlated. Attached growth system (AGS) in 
      AHR contributed an additional 11% ammonium removal and reduced the sludge washout 
      rate by 29%. Mass balance of nitrogen revealed that the major fraction (74.1%) of 
      input nitrogen was converted into N2 gas indicating higher substrate conversion 
      efficiency of anammox biomass. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of 
      biomass indicated the presence of heterogeneous population of cocci and 
      rod-shaped bacteria of average diameter varying from 1.2 to 1.5 mm. Owing to the 
      features of early start-up, ability to retain high biomass and consistently 
      higher NRE, hybrid reactor configuration seeded with mixed culture offers noble 
      strategy for cultivation of well-compacted anammox granules for field-scale 
      installation.
FAU - Tomar, Swati
AU  - Tomar S
AD  - a Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Indian School of Mines , 
      Dhanbad , India.
FAU - Gupta, Sunil Kumar
AU  - Gupta SK
AD  - a Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Indian School of Mines , 
      Dhanbad , India.
FAU - Mishra, Brijesh Kumar
AU  - Mishra BK
AD  - a Department of Environmental Science & Engineering , Indian School of Mines , 
      Dhanbad , India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151109
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Technol
JT  - Environmental technology
JID - 9884939
RN  - 0 (Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Nitrites)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ammonium Compounds/*isolation & purification/metabolism
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - Bacteria/metabolism
MH  - Bioreactors/*microbiology
MH  - Equipment Design
MH  - Nitrites/*isolation & purification/metabolism
MH  - Nitrogen/*isolation & purification/metabolism
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Sewage/*analysis/*microbiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anammox hybrid reactor
OT  - anammox
OT  - attached growth media
OT  - granulation
OT  - nitrogen removal
EDAT- 2015/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2015/09/29 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1080/09593330.2015.1100686 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Technol. 2016;37(9):1065-76. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1100686. Epub 
      2015 Nov 9.