PMID- 26426902
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160614
LR  - 20220321
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 10
DP  - 2015
TI  - N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) Reverse the Impact of Early-Life Stress 
      on the Gut Microbiota.
PG  - e0139721
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0139721 [doi]
LID - e0139721
AB  - BACKGROUND: Early life stress is a risk factor for many psychiatric disorders 
      ranging from depression to anxiety. Stress, especially during early life, can 
      induce dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, the key modulators of the bidirectional 
      signalling pathways in the gut-brain axis that underline several 
      neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Despite their critical role in the 
      development and function of the central nervous system, the effect of n-3 
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on the regulation of gut-microbiota in 
      early-life stress has not been explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we show that 
      long-term supplementation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid 
      (DHA) (80% EPA, 20% DHA) n-3 PUFAs mixture could restore the disturbed 
      gut-microbiota composition of maternally separated (MS) female rats. 
      Sprague-Dawley female rats were subjected to an early-life stress, maternal 
      separation procedure from postnatal days 2 to 12. Non-separated (NS) and MS rats 
      were administered saline, EPA/DHA 0.4 g/kg/day or EPA/DHA 1 g/kg/day, 
      respectively. Analysis of the gut microbiota in adult rats revealed that EPA/DHA 
      changes composition in the MS, and to a lesser extent the NS rats, and was 
      associated with attenuation of the corticosterone response to acute stress. 
      CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, EPA/DHA intervention alters the gut microbiota 
      composition of both neurodevelopmentally normal and early-life stressed animals. 
      This study offers insights into the interaction between n-3 PUFAs and gut 
      microbes, which may play an important role in advancing our understanding of 
      disorders of mood and cognitive functioning, such as anxiety and depression.
FAU - Pusceddu, Matteo M
AU  - Pusceddu MM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, 
      Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
FAU - El Aidy, Sahar
AU  - El Aidy S
AD  - APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Microbial 
      Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, 
      University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
FAU - Crispie, Fiona
AU  - Crispie F
AD  - Teagasc, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.
FAU - O'Sullivan, Orla
AU  - O'Sullivan O
AD  - Teagasc, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.
FAU - Cotter, Paul
AU  - Cotter P
AD  - APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc, 
      Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.
FAU - Stanton, Catherine
AU  - Stanton C
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, 
      Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; 
      Teagasc, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.
FAU - Kelly, Philip
AU  - Kelly P
AD  - Teagasc, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.
FAU - Cryan, John F
AU  - Cryan JF
AD  - APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of 
      Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
FAU - Dinan, Timothy G
AU  - Dinan TG
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, 
      Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151001
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Omega-3)
SB  - IM
EIN - PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0142228. PMID: 26517367
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - Fatty Acids, Omega-3/*pharmacology
MH  - Female
MH  - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - *Maternal Deprivation
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Stress, Psychological/*drug therapy/microbiology
PMC - PMC4591340
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have the following interests. The APC has 
      conducted research funded by Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Proctor and Gamble, Mead 
      Johnson, Suntory and Cremo. TGD also has grant support from the Health Research 
      Board Ireland (HRA_POR/2011/23 HRA_POR/2012/32, and HRA-POR-2014-647) and 
      European FP7 and has been an invited speaker at meetings organised by Servier, 
      Lundbeck, Janssen, Astra-Zeneca. JFC has received grant support from the Health 
      Research Board of Ireland (Grant number HRA_POR/2012/32), Science Foundation 
      Ireland (Investigator Award Grant No. 12/IA/1537), European Community's Seventh 
      Framework Programme (Grant number FP7/2007-2013 under Grant Agreement no. 278948 
      (TACTICS-Translational Adolescent and Childhood Therapeutic Interventions in 
      Compulsive Syndrome)). JFC has been an invited speaker at meetings organised by 
      Mead Johnson and Yakult. There are no patents, products in development or 
      marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all 
      the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the 
      guide for authors.
EDAT- 2015/10/02 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/15 06:00
PMCR- 2015/10/01
CRDT- 2015/10/02 06:00
PHST- 2015/07/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/09/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/10/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/10/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-15-30329 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0139721 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2015 Oct 1;10(10):e0139721. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139721. 
      eCollection 2015.