PMID- 26433250 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20151230 LR - 20180302 IS - 1471-5007 (Electronic) IS - 1471-4922 (Linking) VI - 31 IP - 10 DP - 2015 Oct TI - Regulation of the Immune Response to alpha-Gal and Vector-borne Diseases. PG - 470-476 LID - S1471-4922(15)00153-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.pt.2015.06.016 [doi] AB - Vector-borne diseases (VBD) challenge our understanding of emerging diseases. Recently, arthropod vectors have been involved in emerging anaphylactic diseases. In particular, the immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody response to the carbohydrate Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (alpha-gal) following a tick bite was associated with allergies to red meat, cetuximab, and gelatin. By contrast, an anti-alpha-gal IgM antibody response was shown to protect against mosquito-borne malaria. Herein, we highlight the interplay between the gut microbiota, vectors, transmitted pathogens, and the regulation of the immune response as a model to understand the protective or allergic effect of alpha-gal. Establishing the source of alpha-gal in arthropod vectors and the immune response to vector bites and transmitted pathogens will be essential for diagnosing, treating, and ultimately preventing these emerging anaphylactic and other vector-borne diseases. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro AU - Cabezas-Cruz A AD - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204, Universite Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France. FAU - Mateos-Hernandez, Lourdes AU - Mateos-Hernandez L AD - SaBio. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Cinegeticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain. FAU - Perez-Cruz, Magdiel AU - Perez-Cruz M AD - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204, Universite Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France. FAU - Valdes, James J AU - Valdes JJ AD - Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. FAU - Mera, Isabel G Fernandez de AU - Mera IGF AD - SaBio. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Cinegeticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain. FAU - Villar, Margarita AU - Villar M AD - SaBio. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Cinegeticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain. FAU - de la Fuente, Jose AU - de la Fuente J AD - SaBio. Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Cinegeticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA. Electronic address: jose_delafuente@yahoo.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - England TA - Trends Parasitol JT - Trends in parasitology JID - 100966034 RN - 0 (Arthropod Proteins) RN - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Arthropod Proteins/*immunology MH - Arthropod Vectors/*immunology MH - *Disease Vectors MH - Host-Parasite Interactions/*immunology MH - Humans MH - Hypersensitivity/*immunology MH - Immunoglobulin E/immunology MH - Th2 Cells/immunology OTO - NOTNLM OT - alpha-gal OT - malaria OT - tick OT - vaccine OT - vector-borne diseases EDAT- 2015/10/05 06:00 MHDA- 2015/12/31 06:00 CRDT- 2015/10/05 06:00 PHST- 2015/04/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/05/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/06/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/10/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/10/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/12/31 06:00 [medline] AID - S1471-4922(15)00153-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.pt.2015.06.016 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Trends Parasitol. 2015 Oct;31(10):470-476. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.06.016.