PMID- 26454700
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160906
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 1873-1244 (Electronic)
IS  - 0899-9007 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016 Jan
TI  - Leucine improves growth performance of intrauterine growth retardation piglets by 
      modifying gene and protein expression related to protein synthesis.
PG  - 114-21
LID - S0899-9007(15)00289-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.003 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Leucine has been reported to alter the gene expression of proteins, 
      the activation of signaling components, and the fractional rates of protein 
      synthesis in multiple organs of piglets. The aim of this study was to investigate 
      the effects of leucine on molecular mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and 
      degradation in skeletal muscle and determine how these adaptations affect body 
      weight gain in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) pigs. METHODS: Thirty-two 
      weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the following four experimental groups 
      (n = 8 per group): normal birth weight, normal birth weight supplemented with 
      leucine, IUGR, and IUGR supplemented with leucine. Piglets were fed from 14 to 35 
      d of age. Growth performance, major serum biochemical parameters, and enzyme 
      activities were evaluated. The messenger RNA expression of muscle mammalian 
      target of rapamycin (mTOR), muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), and muscle-specific 
      ring finger-1 were investigated. Additionally, total and phosphorylated levels of 
      mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 were measured in longissimus muscle. 
      RESULTS: Average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake were increased 
      by leucine in IUGR pigs. At the end of the experiment, IUGR pigs had lower liver 
      and kidney weight compared with the normal piglets. However, IUGR supplemented 
      with leucine decreased serum concentration of urea. Leucine supplementation 
      affected the concentrations of isoleucine, valine, lysine, and phenylalanine in 
      serum. There was no significant difference in the expression of mTOR and 
      muscle-specific ring finger-1 in IUGR piglets, whereas muscle atrophy F-box was 
      reduced only by IUGR dependent of leucine. Compared with the IC group, dietary 
      supplementation with 0.35% l-leucine increased the phosphorylated levels of mTOR 
      and ribosomal S6 kinase 1 in IUGR piglets. CONCLUSIONS: The present study 
      identified a major role for leucine in the activation of the mTOR signaling 
      pathway and reducing muscle atrophy in IUGR piglets, which contributed 
      significantly to differences in body weight gain.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Xu, Wen
AU  - Xu W
AD  - College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, China.
FAU - Bai, Kaiwen
AU  - Bai K
AD  - College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, China.
FAU - He, Jintian
AU  - He J
AD  - College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, China.
FAU - Su, Weipeng
AU  - Su W
AD  - College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, China.
FAU - Dong, Li
AU  - Dong L
AD  - College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, China.
FAU - Zhang, Lili
AU  - Zhang L
AD  - College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, China.
FAU - Wang, Tian
AU  - Wang T
AD  - College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 
      Nanjing, China. Electronic address: Twang18@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20150726
PL  - United States
TA  - Nutrition
JT  - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
JID - 8802712
RN  - 0 (Muscle Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Ribosomal Protein S6)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - GMW67QNF9C (Leucine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Birth Weight
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - Fetal Growth Retardation/*drug therapy/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression/drug effects
MH  - Growth/drug effects
MH  - Leucine/blood/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Muscle Proteins/biosynthesis/*metabolism
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Muscular Atrophy/metabolism/prevention & control
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Protein Biosynthesis/*drug effects/genetics
MH  - Protein Processing, Post-Translational
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Ribosomal Protein S6/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Swine
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Weaning
MH  - Weight Gain/*drug effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IUGR
OT  - Leucine
OT  - Protein degradation
OT  - Protein synthesis
OT  - mTOR
EDAT- 2015/10/12 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/07 06:00
CRDT- 2015/10/12 06:00
PHST- 2014/12/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/05/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/07/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/10/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/10/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0899-9007(15)00289-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nutrition. 2016 Jan;32(1):114-21. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Jul 
      26.