PMID- 26483417
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20171031
LR  - 20190318
IS  - 1460-2210 (Electronic)
IS  - 0141-5387 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016 Feb
TI  - Are children's dental panoramic tomographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs 
      sufficiently optimized?
PG  - 103-110
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Children are especially vulnerable to harmful effects of ionizing 
      radiation. Cutting down the dimensions of the X-ray beam is the most effective 
      way to reduce the patient dose. We evaluated the appropriateness of field-size in 
      the most frequent radiographs, dental panoramic tomographs (DPTs) and lateral 
      cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) among 7- to 12-year-olds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
      The image field-size of 241 DPTs and 118 LCRs was analysed. The image field was 
      considered appropriate when it did not include anatomic structures beyond the 
      area of clinical interest. The image field was compared with factors such as the 
      age of the patient, the radiographic equipment used and the programme selected. 
      Moreover, we assessed the use of thyroid shield in LCR. RESULTS: The field-size 
      was too large in 70% of the DPTs horizontally and in 96% vertically. None of the 
      DPTs were segmented. Every LCR showed appropriate limitation anteriorly, but the 
      image field was too large in 54% posteriorly, in 86% superiorly, and in 76% 
      inferiorly. A thyroid shield had been used in only 71% of cases. CONCLUSION: Most 
      DPTs and LCRs had been performed sub-optimally. An abundancy of DPTs had been 
      taken using an adult programme, and the field-size had not been sufficiently 
      adjusted in LCRs, possibly for technical reasons. To facilitate adherence to 
      radiological best practice the equipment used for DPTs and LCRs should facilitate 
      the adjustment of field-size in both the vertical and horizontal planes. In 
      addition, those involved in taking radiographs should maintain their skills 
      through regular update courses.
CI  - (c) The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European 
      Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: 
      journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Pakbaznejad Esmaeili, Elmira
AU  - Pakbaznejad Esmaeili E
AD  - *Oral Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of 
      Helsinki, elmira.pakbaznejad@helsinki.fi.
AD  - **Oral Healthcare Department of City of Helsinki.
FAU - Ekholm, Marja
AU  - Ekholm M
AD  - *Oral Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of 
      Helsinki.
AD  - ***University Dental Clinic of City of Helsinki.
FAU - Haukka, Jari
AU  - Haukka J
AD  - ****Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, and.
FAU - Evalahti, Marjut
AU  - Evalahti M
AD  - *****Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of 
      Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Waltimo-Siren, Janna
AU  - Waltimo-Siren J
AD  - ***University Dental Clinic of City of Helsinki.
AD  - *****Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of 
      Helsinki, Finland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20151019
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Orthod
JT  - European journal of orthodontics
JID - 7909010
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Cephalometry/methods/standards
MH  - Child
MH  - Humans
MH  - Organ Sparing Treatments/instrumentation/methods/standards
MH  - Radiation Dosage
MH  - Radiation Protection/standards
MH  - Radiography, Dental, Digital/instrumentation/methods/*standards
MH  - Radiography, Panoramic/instrumentation/methods/*standards
MH  - Thyroid Gland/radiation effects
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation/methods/standards
EDAT- 2015/10/21 06:00
MHDA- 2017/11/01 06:00
CRDT- 2015/10/21 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2017/11/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/10/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - cjv076 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/ejo/cjv076 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Orthod. 2016 Feb;38(1):103-110. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjv076. Epub 2015 Oct 19.