PMID- 2648635
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19890428
LR  - 20071114
IS  - 0040-3709 (Print)
IS  - 0040-3709 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 2
DP  - 1989 Feb
TI  - Evaluation of the bioeffects of prenatal ultrasound exposure in the cynomolgus 
      macaque (Macaca fascicularis): II. Growth and behavior during the first year.
PG  - 149-62
AB  - The extensive use of ultrasonography for the prenatal assessment of growth and 
      development continues to present questions regarding biological effects. We are 
      currently evaluating a nonhuman primate model (Macaca fascicularis) exposed to 
      ultrasound from gestational day (GD) 21 to 152 +/- 2. Exposures were performed 
      with a commercial real-time sector scanner (ATL, MK 600); animals were scanned 
      five times weekly on GD 21-35 +/- 2, three times weekly on GD 36-60 +/- 2, and 
      once weekly on GD 61-150 +/- 2. The length of exposure was approximately the same 
      as human exposure (GD 21-60 +/- 2 = 10 min/exam and GD 61-150 +/- 2 = 20 
      min/exam) although the frequency of the examinations was considerably greater. 
      Initial reports indicated differences between control and treated animals 
      including lower birth weight, higher simian Apgar scores, and changes in select 
      hematologic parameters. Follow-up evaluations of growth during the first year 
      included measurements of body weight, hand and foot lengths, humerus and femur 
      lengths, biparietal and occipitofrontal diameters, head circumference, arm 
      circumference, chest circumference, skinfold thickness, and crown-rump length. 
      Results indicated a significant reduction in body weight in treated animals 
      during the first three months, with nonsignificant differences during the 
      following nine months. Hematologic analysis including complete blood counts (CBC) 
      and clinical biochemistry at 6, 9, and 12 months of age were not significantly 
      different. A series of behavioral evaluations including a neurobehavioral test 
      battery (NBT) and tests assessing motor and cognitive skills were included. The 
      NBT revealed increased muscle tone in treated animals at one, two, and four days. 
      In an observation cage (week 1-14) more quiet activities were displayed by 
      treated animals. Group differences in performance of motor and cognitive tasks 
      were observed and may be attributable to agitation and difficulties in adjusting 
      to test environments. There were no group differences observed in discrimination 
      learning. When considering the possible implications to the human population, it 
      is important to consider the amount of exposure these animals received, and the 
      fact that most of the effects observed appeared to be transitory. Although human 
      epidemiological studies have not revealed any significant bioeffects, the 
      "prudent use" of diagnostic ultrasound should still be kept in mind. This is 
      especially significant with the current rise in the use of endovaginal scanning 
      and pulsed Doppler.
FAU - Tarantal, A F
AU  - Tarantal AF
AD  - California Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616.
FAU - Hendrickx, A G
AU  - Hendrickx AG
LA  - eng
GR  - RR00169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Teratology
JT  - Teratology
JID - 0153257
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anthropometry
MH  - Behavior, Animal
MH  - Body Weight
MH  - Cognition
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Monitoring/*adverse effects
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Hematologic Tests
MH  - Macaca fascicularis
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Psychomotor Performance
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Ultrasonography/*adverse effects
EDAT- 1989/02/01 00:00
MHDA- 1989/02/01 00:01
CRDT- 1989/02/01 00:00
PHST- 1989/02/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1989/02/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1989/02/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/tera.1420390207 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Teratology. 1989 Feb;39(2):149-62. doi: 10.1002/tera.1420390207.