PMID- 26509624
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160314
LR  - 20240330
IS  - 1538-5159 (Electronic)
IS  - 0017-9078 (Print)
IS  - 0017-9078 (Linking)
VI  - 109
IP  - 6
DP  - 2015 Dec
TI  - A Dosimetry Study of Deuterium-Deuterium Neutron Generator-based In Vivo Neutron 
      Activation Analysis.
PG  - 566-72
LID - 10.1097/HP.0000000000000345 [doi]
AB  - A neutron irradiation cavity for in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) to 
      detect manganese, aluminum, and other potentially toxic elements in human hand 
      bone has been designed and its dosimetric specifications measured. The neutron 
      source is a customized deuterium-deuterium neutron generator that produces 
      neutrons at 2.45 MeV by the fusion reaction 2H(d, n)3He at a calculated flux of 7 
      x 10(8) +/- 30% s(-1). A moderator/reflector/shielding [5 cm high density 
      polyethylene (HDPE), 5.3 cm graphite and 5.7 cm borated (HDPE)] assembly has been 
      designed and built to maximize the thermal neutron flux inside the hand 
      irradiation cavity and to reduce the extremity dose and effective dose to the 
      human subject. Lead sheets are used to attenuate bremsstrahlung x rays and 
      activation gammas. A Monte Carlo simulation (MCNP6) was used to model the system 
      and calculate extremity dose. The extremity dose was measured with neutron and 
      photon sensitive film badges and Fuji electronic pocket dosimeters (EPD). The 
      neutron ambient dose outside the shielding was measured by Fuji NSN3, and the 
      photon dose was measured by a Bicron MicroREM scintillator. Neutron extremity 
      dose was calculated to be 32.3 mSv using MCNP6 simulations given a 10-min IVNAA 
      measurement of manganese. Measurements by EPD and film badge indicate hand dose 
      to be 31.7 +/- 0.8 mSv for neutrons and 4.2 +/- 0.2 mSv for photons for 10 min; whole 
      body effective dose was calculated conservatively to be 0.052 mSv. Experimental 
      values closely match values obtained from MCNP6 simulations. These are acceptable 
      doses to apply the technology for a manganese toxicity study in a human 
      population.
FAU - Sowers, Daniel
AU  - Sowers D
AD  - *School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
FAU - Liu, Yingzi
AU  - Liu Y
FAU - Mostafaei, Farshad
AU  - Mostafaei F
FAU - Blake, Scott
AU  - Blake S
FAU - Nie, Linda H
AU  - Nie LH
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 OH010044/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
GR  - R21 OH010700/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
GR  - 1R21OH010044/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
GR  - 1R21OH010700/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Health Phys
JT  - Health physics
JID - 2985093R
RN  - 42Z2K6ZL8P (Manganese)
RN  - AR09D82C7G (Deuterium)
RN  - CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aluminum/analysis
MH  - Deuterium/*administration & dosage
MH  - Hand Bones/chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Manganese/analysis
MH  - Monte Carlo Method
MH  - *Neutron Activation Analysis/instrumentation/methods
MH  - Neutrons/*adverse effects
MH  - Radiation Dosage
MH  - *Radiometry
PMC - PMC7742511
MID - NIHMS1652863
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2015/10/29 06:00
MHDA- 2016/03/15 06:00
PMCR- 2020/12/16
CRDT- 2015/10/29 06:00
PHST- 2015/10/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/10/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/03/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/12/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 00004032-201512000-00019 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/HP.0000000000000345 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Health Phys. 2015 Dec;109(6):566-72. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000345.