PMID- 26516617
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160823
LR  - 20210109
IS  - 2162-3279 (Electronic)
VI  - 5
IP  - 10
DP  - 2015 Oct
TI  - Use of T1-weighted/T2-weighted magnetic resonance ratio images to elucidate 
      changes in the schizophrenic brain.
PG  - e00399
LID - 10.1002/brb3.399 [doi]
LID - e00399
AB  - INTRODUCTION: One leading hypothesis suggests that schizophrenia (SZ) is a 
      neurodevelopmental disorder caused by genetic defects in association with 
      environmental risk factors that affect synapse and myelin formation. Recent 
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of SZ brain showed both gray matter (GM) 
      reduction and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy reduction. In this study, 
      we used T1-weighted (T1w)/T2-weighted (T2w) MRI ratio images, which increase 
      myelin-related signal contrast and reduce receiver-coil bias. METHODS: We 
      measured T1w/T2w ratio image signal intensity in 29 patients with SZ and 33 
      healthy controls (HCs), and then compared them against bias-corrected T1w images. 
      RESULTS: Mean T1w/T2w ratio signal intensity values across all SZ GM and WM 
      voxels were significantly lower than those for the HC values (analysis of 
      covariance with age, gender, handedness, and premorbid intelligence quotient as 
      nuisance covariates). SZ mean WM T1w/T2w ratio values were related to Global 
      Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores and were inversely related to the positive 
      psychotic symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Voxel-based 
      analysis revealed significantly lower T1w/T2w ratio image signal intensity values 
      in the right ventral putamen in SZ GM. T1w image intensities did not differ 
      between the SZ and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS: T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio imaging 
      increased the detectability of SZ pathological changes. Reduced SZ brain signal 
      intensity is likely due to diminished myelin content; therefore, mapping 
      myelin-related SZ brain changes using T1w/T2w ratio images may be useful for 
      studies of SZ brain abnormalities.
FAU - Iwatani, Jun
AU  - Iwatani J
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 
      811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan.
FAU - Ishida, Takuya
AU  - Ishida T
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 
      811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan ; Department of System Neurophysiology 
      Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 
      Japan.
FAU - Donishi, Tomohiro
AU  - Donishi T
AD  - Department of System Neurophysiology Graduate School of Wakayama Medical 
      University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan.
FAU - Ukai, Satoshi
AU  - Ukai S
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 
      811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan.
FAU - Shinosaki, Kazuhiro
AU  - Shinosaki K
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Wakayama Medical University 
      811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan.
FAU - Terada, Masaki
AU  - Terada M
AD  - Wakayama-Minami Radiology Clinic 870-2 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-0012 Japan.
FAU - Kaneoke, Yoshiki
AU  - Kaneoke Y
AD  - Department of System Neurophysiology Graduate School of Wakayama Medical 
      University 811-1 Kimiidera Wakayama 641-8509 Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20150925
PL  - United States
TA  - Brain Behav
JT  - Brain and behavior
JID - 101570837
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cerebral Cortex/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Gray Matter/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Myelin Sheath/pathology
MH  - Schizophrenia/diagnosis/*pathology
MH  - White Matter/pathology
PMC - PMC4614056
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio
OT  - magnetic resonance imaging
OT  - myelin
OT  - nucleus accumbens
OT  - schizophrenia
OT  - ventral putamen
EDAT- 2015/10/31 06:00
MHDA- 2016/08/24 06:00
PMCR- 2015/09/25
CRDT- 2015/10/31 06:00
PHST- 2015/01/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/07/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/08/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/10/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/10/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/08/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/09/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - BRB3399 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/brb3.399 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Brain Behav. 2015 Sep 25;5(10):e00399. doi: 10.1002/brb3.399. eCollection 2015 
      Oct.