PMID- 26546468
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160929
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1873-7544 (Electronic)
IS  - 0306-4522 (Linking)
VI  - 312
DP  - 2016 Jan 15
TI  - The influence of short-interval intracortical facilitation when assessing 
      developmental changes in short-interval intracortical inhibition.
PG  - 19-25
LID - S0306-4522(15)00985-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.057 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Measures of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) can be 
      contaminated by excitatory influences of short-interval intracortical 
      facilitation (SICF), unless examined at individually-optimized interstimulus 
      intervals (ISIs). We hypothesized that age-related differences in SICF would 
      explain previously reported reduced SICI in children and adolescents compared 
      with adults. METHODS: Fifty-one participants, aged 8-29years, underwent 
      transcranial magnetic stimulation. SICF curves were constructed to determine the 
      ISI at which SICF was minimal (i.e. the first trough). SICI curves were 
      constructed at this individually-determined ISI with conditioning stimulus (S1) 
      intensities of 60-110% of active motor threshold. RESULTS: There was no effect of 
      age on the ISI corresponding with the SICF trough. However, there was a main 
      effect of age on the amplitude of the conditioned motor-evoked potential at the 
      different ISIs, such that children aged 8-12years demonstrated greater SICF than 
      those aged 16-18 and 19-21years. There was no effect of age on SICI, and no 
      interaction between age group and S1 intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with that 
      in older adolescents and young adults, SICF is enhanced in children aged 
      8-12years. Surprisingly, this enhanced SICF does not appear to reduce the degree 
      of SICI that can be evoked at the first trough in this age group. SIGNIFICANCE: 
      This is the first report of enhanced SICF in young children. It remains possible 
      that enhanced SICF may have confounded earlier reports of reduced SICI in 
      children less than 8years.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Schneider, L A
AU  - Schneider LA
AD  - Robinson Research Institute, Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, School of 
      Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
FAU - Goldsworthy, M R
AU  - Goldsworthy MR
AD  - Robinson Research Institute, Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, School of 
      Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
FAU - Cole, J P
AU  - Cole JP
AD  - Robinson Research Institute, Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, School of 
      Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
FAU - Ridding, M C
AU  - Ridding MC
AD  - Robinson Research Institute, Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, School of 
      Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
FAU - Pitcher, J B
AU  - Pitcher JB
AD  - Robinson Research Institute, Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, School of 
      Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. Electronic address: 
      julia.pitcher@adelaide.edu.au.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151103
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroscience
JT  - Neuroscience
JID - 7605074
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Development/*physiology
MH  - Conditioning, Psychological/physiology
MH  - Evoked Potentials, Motor/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Motor Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Neural Inhibition/*physiology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/*methods
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - children
OT  - gamma-aminobutyric acid
OT  - motor-evoked potential
OT  - paired-pulse TMS
OT  - transcranial magnetic stimulation
EDAT- 2015/11/08 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/30 06:00
CRDT- 2015/11/08 06:00
PHST- 2015/08/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/10/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/10/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/11/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/11/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/30 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0306-4522(15)00985-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.057 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroscience. 2016 Jan 15;312:19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.057. 
      Epub 2015 Nov 3.