PMID- 26553495
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160818
LR  - 20240324
IS  - 1179-2035 (Electronic)
IS  - 0112-1642 (Print)
IS  - 0112-1642 (Linking)
VI  - 45 Suppl 1
IP  - Suppl 1
DP  - 2015 Nov
TI  - Carbohydrate Dependence During Prolonged, Intense Endurance Exercise.
PG  - S5-12
LID - 10.1007/s40279-015-0400-1 [doi]
AB  - A major goal of training to improve the performance of prolonged, continuous, 
      endurance events lasting up to 3 h is to promote a range of physiological and 
      metabolic adaptations that permit an athlete to work at both higher absolute and 
      relative power outputs/speeds and delay the onset of fatigue (i.e., a decline in 
      exercise intensity). To meet these goals, competitive endurance athletes 
      undertake a prodigious volume of training, with a large proportion performed at 
      intensities that are close to or faster than race pace and highly dependent on 
      carbohydrate (CHO)-based fuels to sustain rates of muscle energy production 
      [i.e., match rates of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis with rates of 
      resynthesis]. Consequently, to sustain muscle energy reserves and meet the daily 
      demands of training sessions, competitive athletes freely select CHO-rich diets. 
      Despite renewed interest in high-fat, low-CHO diets for endurance sport, fat-rich 
      diets do not improve training capacity or performance, but directly impair rates 
      of muscle glycogenolysis and energy flux, limiting high-intensity ATP production. 
      When highly trained athletes compete in endurance events lasting up to 3 h, CHO-, 
      not fat-based fuels are the predominant fuel for the working muscles and CHO, not 
      fat, availability becomes rate limiting for performance.
FAU - Hawley, John A
AU  - Hawley JA
AD  - The Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and 
      Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Locked Bag 4115, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, 
      Australia. John.hawley@acu.edu.au.
AD  - Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores 
      University, Liverpool, UK. John.hawley@acu.edu.au.
FAU - Leckey, Jill J
AU  - Leckey JJ
AD  - The Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Centre for Exercise and 
      Nutrition, Australian Catholic University, Locked Bag 4115, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, 
      Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Sports Med
JT  - Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
JID - 8412297
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological
MH  - Competitive Behavior/physiology
MH  - Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
MH  - Diet, High-Fat
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage/*metabolism
MH  - Energy Metabolism
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Physical Education and Training
MH  - Physical Endurance/*physiology
MH  - Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PMC - PMC4672006
EDAT- 2015/11/11 06:00
MHDA- 2016/08/19 06:00
PMCR- 2015/11/09
CRDT- 2015/11/11 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/11/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/08/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/11/09 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s40279-015-0400-1 [pii]
AID - 400 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s40279-015-0400-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sports Med. 2015 Nov;45 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S5-12. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0400-1.