PMID- 26559389
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180326
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1744-8360 (Electronic)
IS  - 1473-7175 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 12
DP  - 2015
TI  - Immune therapy in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.
PG  - 1391-419
LID - 10.1586/14737175.2015.1115720 [doi]
AB  - We have reviewed the literature of immune therapy in autoimmune encephalitis 
      associated with antibodies to cell surface antigens including 
      N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated protein-1 
      (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-2 (Caspr2), the 
      alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), 
      gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor (GABAAR), gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABABR), 
      Glycine R and other rarer antigens. Most studies are retrospective cohorts, and 
      there are no randomised controlled trials. Most clinicians use first-line therapy 
      (steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange), and if severe or 
      refractory, second-line therapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide). When present, 
      tumours should be removed. There are common therapeutic themes emerging. Firstly, 
      patients given immune therapy do better and relapse less than patients given no 
      treatment. Secondly, patients given early treatment do better. And thirdly, when 
      patients fail first-line therapy, second-line therapy improves outcomes and 
      reduces relapses. Given the retrospective uncontrolled data, the literature has 
      inherent bias, including severity and reporting bias.
FAU - Nosadini, Margherita
AU  - Nosadini M
AD  - a Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research , Kids 
      Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney , 
      Westmead , Australia.
AD  - b Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics , University of Padua , 
      Padua , Italy.
FAU - Mohammad, Shekeeb S
AU  - Mohammad SS
AD  - a Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research , Kids 
      Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney , 
      Westmead , Australia.
FAU - Ramanathan, Sudarshini
AU  - Ramanathan S
AD  - a Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research , Kids 
      Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney , 
      Westmead , Australia.
AD  - c Department of Neurology , Westmead Hospital , Sydney , Australia.
FAU - Brilot, Fabienne
AU  - Brilot F
AD  - a Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research , Kids 
      Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney , 
      Westmead , Australia.
FAU - Dale, Russell C
AU  - Dale RC
AD  - a Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research , Kids 
      Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney , 
      Westmead , Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20151124
PL  - England
TA  - Expert Rev Neurother
JT  - Expert review of neurotherapeutics
JID - 101129944
RN  - Hashimoto's encephalitis
SB  - IM
MH  - Encephalitis/*therapy
MH  - Hashimoto Disease/*therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunotherapy
MH  - Retrospective Studies
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AMPAR
OT  - Autoimmune encephalitis
OT  - Caspr2
OT  - LGI1
OT  - NMDAR
OT  - antibodies to neuronal cell surface antigens
OT  - immune therapy
OT  - limbic encephalitis
OT  - treatment
EDAT- 2015/11/13 06:00
MHDA- 2018/03/27 06:00
CRDT- 2015/11/13 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/11/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/03/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1586/14737175.2015.1115720 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Expert Rev Neurother. 2015;15(12):1391-419. doi: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1115720. 
      Epub 2015 Nov 24.