PMID- 26568279
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160915
LR  - 20160113
IS  - 1744-764X (Electronic)
IS  - 1474-0338 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 1
DP  - 2016 Jan
TI  - Safety of monoclonal antibodies and related therapeutic proteins for the 
      treatment of neovascular macular degeneration: addressing outstanding issues.
PG  - 75-87
LID - 10.1517/14740338.2016.1121232 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors most 
      widely used to treat neovascular age-dependent macular degeneration (nAMD) are 
      different proteins with structural features potentially relevant to adverse 
      effects (AEs). Two of these are also established in cancer therapy (with higher 
      dosages and AEs). The importance of ocular AE and extraocular activities is still 
      a subject of controversy and ongoing research. AREAS COVERED: Potential risks of 
      intraocular VEGF inhibition based on prospective studies, in vitro 
      investigations, pharmacokinetics, and hints from anti-cancer treatment. EXPERT 
      OPINION: nAMD is a frequently observed chronic clinical condition severely 
      affecting the visual function of elderly persons. Intravitreal injection of 
      VEGF-inactivating proteins is highly effective to prevent loss of vision. 
      Anti-VEGF therapy is well tolerated, and low rates of ocular and systemic AEs in 
      smaller trials suggest a very high benefit/risk ratio. The proteins established 
      in nAMD therapy show similar efficacies. In the controversy over the off-label 
      use of bevacizumab purely on grounds of much lower cost, the small, but 
      potentially relevant differences between the available drugs are easily either 
      dramatized (by pharmaceutical companies) or trivialized (by health insurances) 
      and even political interference is involved. Facing the lack of a convincing body 
      of evidence regarding safety, further long-term study results seem necessary.
FAU - Ziemssen, Focke
AU  - Ziemssen F
AD  - a Center for Ophthalmology , Eberhard Karl University , D-72076 Tuebingen , 
      Germany.
FAU - Sobolewska, Bianka
AU  - Sobolewska B
AD  - a Center for Ophthalmology , Eberhard Karl University , D-72076 Tuebingen , 
      Germany.
FAU - Deissler, Heidrun
AU  - Deissler H
AD  - b Department of Ophthalmology , Univeristy of Ulm , D-89075 Ulm , Germany.
FAU - Deissler, Helmut
AU  - Deissler H
AD  - c HD/U Biomedical Services , 89079 Ulm , Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20151211
PL  - England
TA  - Expert Opin Drug Saf
JT  - Expert opinion on drug safety
JID - 101163027
RN  - 0 (Angiogenesis Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A)
RN  - 2S9ZZM9Q9V (Bevacizumab)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal/*adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Bevacizumab/adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intravitreal Injections
MH  - Macular Degeneration/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Off-Label Use
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*antagonists & inhibitors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - VEGF
OT  - adverse effects
OT  - aflibercept
OT  - bevacizumab
OT  - neovascular macular degeneration
OT  - ranibizumab
EDAT- 2015/11/17 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/16 06:00
CRDT- 2015/11/17 06:00
PHST- 2015/11/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/11/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1517/14740338.2016.1121232 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016 Jan;15(1):75-87. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2016.1121232. 
      Epub 2015 Dec 11.