PMID- 26575633
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160909
LR  - 20190802
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 543
IP  - Pt A
DP  - 2016 Feb 1
TI  - Legacy and currently used pesticides in the atmospheric environment of Lake 
      Victoria, East Africa.
PG  - 9-18
LID - S0048-9697(15)30964-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.146 [doi]
AB  - The Lake Victoria watershed has extensive agricultural activity with a long 
      history of pesticide use but there is limited information on historical use or on 
      environmental levels. To address this data gap, high volume air samples were 
      collected from two sites close to the northern shore of Lake Victoria; Kakira 
      (KAK) and Entebbe (EBB). The samples, to be analyzed for pesticides, were 
      collected over various periods between 1999 and 2004 inclusive (KAK 1999-2000, 
      KAK 2003-2004, EBB 2003 and EBB 2004 sample sets) and from 2008 to 2010 inclusive 
      (EBB 2008, EBB 2009 and EBB 2010 sample sets). The latter sample sets (which also 
      included precipitation samples) were also analyzed for currently used pesticides 
      (CUPs) including chlorpyrifos, chlorthalonil, metribuzin, trifluralin, malathion 
      and dacthal. Chlorpyrifos was the predominant CUP in air samples with average 
      concentrations of 93.5, 26.1 and 3.54 ng m(-3) for the EBB 2008, 2009, 2010 
      sample sets, respectively. Average concentrations of total endosulfan (SigmaEndo), 
      total DDT related compounds (SigmaDDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (SigmaHCHs) ranged 
      from 12.3-282, 22.8-130 and 3.72-81.8 pg m(-3), respectively, for all the sample 
      sets. Atmospheric prevalence of residues of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 
      increased with fresh emissions of endosulfan, DDT and lindane. Hexachlorobenzene 
      (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) and dieldrin were also detected in air samples. 
      Transformation products, pentachloroanisole, 3,4,5-trichloroveratrole and 
      3,4,5,6-tetrachloroveratrole, were also detected. The five most prevalent 
      compounds in the precipitation samples were in the order 
      chlorpyrifos>chlorothalonil>SigmaEndo>SigmaDDTs>SigmaHCHs with average fluxes of 1123, 396, 
      130, 41.7 and 41.3 ng m(-2)sample(-1), respectively. PeCB exceeded HCB in 
      precipitation samples. The reverse was true for air samples. Backward air 
      trajectories suggested transboundary and local emission sources of the analytes. 
      The results underscore the need for a concerted regional vigilance in management 
      of chemicals.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Arinaitwe, Kenneth
AU  - Arinaitwe K
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda. 
      Electronic address: ken.arina@gmail.com.
FAU - Kiremire, Bernard T
AU  - Kiremire BT
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
FAU - Muir, Derek C G
AU  - Muir DCG
AD  - Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, 
      Canada.
FAU - Fellin, Phil
AU  - Fellin P
AD  - AirZoneOne Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada.
FAU - Li, Henrik
AU  - Li H
AD  - AirZoneOne Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada.
FAU - Teixeira, Camilla
AU  - Teixeira C
AD  - Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, 
      Canada.
FAU - Mubiru, Drake N
AU  - Mubiru DN
AD  - Kawanda Agricultural Reasearch Institute, Kampala, Uganda.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151112
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Chlorobenzenes)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 4Z87H0LKUY (Hexachlorobenzene)
RN  - 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane)
RN  - C8BX46QL7K (Trifluralin)
RN  - D62GWO6832 (pentachlorobenzene)
RN  - JCS58I644W (Chlorpyrifos)
RN  - OKA6A6ZD4K (Endosulfan)
SB  - IM
MH  - Africa, Eastern
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Atmosphere/*chemistry
MH  - Chlorobenzenes/analysis
MH  - Chlorpyrifos/analysis
MH  - Endosulfan/analysis
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Hexachlorobenzene/analysis
MH  - Hexachlorocyclohexane
MH  - Lakes
MH  - Pesticides/*analysis
MH  - Trifluralin/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atmospheric deposition
OT  - Currently used pesticides
OT  - East Africa
OT  - Lake Victoria
OT  - Organochlorine pesticides
EDAT- 2015/11/18 06:00
MHDA- 2016/09/10 06:00
CRDT- 2015/11/18 06:00
PHST- 2015/06/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/10/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/10/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/11/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/11/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/09/10 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(15)30964-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.146 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2016 Feb 1;543(Pt A):9-18. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.146. Epub 2015 Nov 12.