PMID- 26583735 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20151124 LR - 20151120 IS - 1549-9618 (Print) IS - 1549-9618 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 5 DP - 2013 May 14 TI - The Theory of Ultra-Coarse-Graining. 1. General Principles. PG - 2466-80 LID - 10.1021/ct4000444 [doi] AB - Coarse-grained (CG) models provide a computationally efficient means to study biomolecular and other soft matter processes involving large numbers of atoms correlated over distance scales of many covalent bond lengths and long time scales. Variational methods based on information from simulations of finer-grained (e.g., all-atom) models, for example the multiscale coarse-graining (MS-CG) and relative entropy minimization methods, provide attractive tools for the systematic development of CG models. However, these methods have important drawbacks when used in the "ultra-coarse-grained" (UCG) regime, e.g., at a resolution level coarser or much coarser than one amino acid residue per effective CG particle in proteins. This is due to the possible existence of multiple metastable states "within" the CG sites for a given UCG model configuration. In this work, systematic variational UCG methods are presented that are specifically designed to CG entire protein domains and subdomains into single effective CG particles. This is accomplished by augmenting existing effective particle CG schemes to allow for discrete state transitions and configuration-dependent resolution. Additionally, certain conclusions of this work connect back to single-state force matching and open up new avenues for method development in that area. These results provide a formal statistical mechanical basis for UCG methods related to force matching and relative entropy CG methods and suggest practical algorithms for constructing optimal approximate UCG models from fine-grained simulation data. FAU - Dama, James F AU - Dama JF AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, double daggerComputation Institute, section signJames Franck Institute, parallelDepartment of Mathematics, perpendicularDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States. FAU - Sinitskiy, Anton V AU - Sinitskiy AV AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, double daggerComputation Institute, section signJames Franck Institute, parallelDepartment of Mathematics, perpendicularDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States. FAU - McCullagh, Martin AU - McCullagh M AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, double daggerComputation Institute, section signJames Franck Institute, parallelDepartment of Mathematics, perpendicularDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States. FAU - Weare, Jonathan AU - Weare J AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, double daggerComputation Institute, section signJames Franck Institute, parallelDepartment of Mathematics, perpendicularDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States. FAU - Roux, Benoit AU - Roux B AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, double daggerComputation Institute, section signJames Franck Institute, parallelDepartment of Mathematics, perpendicularDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States. FAU - Dinner, Aaron R AU - Dinner AR AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, double daggerComputation Institute, section signJames Franck Institute, parallelDepartment of Mathematics, perpendicularDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States. FAU - Voth, Gregory A AU - Voth GA AD - Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, double daggerComputation Institute, section signJames Franck Institute, parallelDepartment of Mathematics, perpendicularDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20130410 PL - United States TA - J Chem Theory Comput JT - Journal of chemical theory and computation JID - 101232704 EDAT- 2013/05/14 00:00 MHDA- 2013/05/14 00:01 CRDT- 2015/11/20 06:00 PHST- 2015/11/20 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/05/14 00:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/05/14 00:01 [medline] AID - 10.1021/ct4000444 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Chem Theory Comput. 2013 May 14;9(5):2466-80. doi: 10.1021/ct4000444. Epub 2013 Apr 10.