PMID- 26590666 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160826 LR - 20151123 IS - 2211-0356 (Electronic) IS - 2211-0348 (Linking) VI - 4 IP - 6 DP - 2015 Nov TI - Eye and hand motor interactions with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in early multiple sclerosis. PG - 585-9 LID - S2211-0348(15)00120-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.msard.2015.08.003 [doi] AB - PURPOSE: Eye and hand motor dysfunction may be present early in the disease course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and can affect the results on visual and written cognitive tests. We aimed to test for differences in saccadic initiation time (SI time) between RRMS patients and healthy controls, and whether SI time and hand motor speed interacted with the written version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (wSDMT). METHODS: Patients with RRMS (N = 44, age 35.1 +/- 7.3 years), time since diagnosis < 3 years and matched controls (N = 41, age 33.2 +/- 6.8 years) were examined with ophthalmological, neurological and neuropsychological tests, as well as structural MRI (white matter lesion load (WMLL) and brainstem lesions), visual evoked potentials (VEP) and eye-tracker examinations of saccades. RESULTS: SI time was longer in RRMS than controls (p < 0.05). SI time was not related to the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), WMLL or to the presence of brainstem lesions. 9 hole peg test (9HP) correlated significantly with WMLL (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). Both SI time and 9HP correlated negatively with the results of wSDMT (r = -0.32, p < 0.05, r = -0.47, p < 0.01), but none correlated with the results of PASAT. CONCLUSIONS: RRMS patients have an increased SI time compared to controls. Cognitive tests results, exemplified by the wSDMT, may be confounded by eye and hand motor function. CI - Copyright (c) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Nygaard, Gro O AU - Nygaard GO AD - Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: g.o.nygaard@medisin.uio.no. FAU - de Rodez Benavent, Sigrid A AU - de Rodez Benavent SA AD - Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: s.a.d.r.benavent@medisin.uio.no. FAU - Harbo, Hanne F AU - Harbo HF AD - Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: h.f.harbo@medisin.uio.no. FAU - Laeng, Bruno AU - Laeng B AD - Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: b.laeng@medisin.uio.no. FAU - Sowa, Piotr AU - Sowa P AD - Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: piotr.sowa@medisin.uio.no. FAU - Damangir, Soheil AU - Damangir S AD - Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: soheil.damangir@ki.se. FAU - Bernhard Nilsen, Kristian AU - Bernhard Nilsen K AD - Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: kristian.b.nilsen@ntnu.no. FAU - Etholm, Lars AU - Etholm L AD - Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: lareth@ous-hf.no. FAU - Tonnesen, Siren AU - Tonnesen S AD - Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: siren.tonnesen@medisin.uio.no. FAU - Kerty, Emilia AU - Kerty E AD - Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: emilia.kerty@medisin.uio.no. FAU - Drolsum, Liv AU - Drolsum L AD - Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: liv.drolsum@medisin.uio.no. FAU - Inge Landro, Nils AU - Inge Landro N AD - Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Postal Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: n.i.landro@psykologi.uio.no. FAU - Celius, Elisabeth G AU - Celius EG AD - Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Postal Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: uxelgu@ous-hf.no. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20150815 PL - Netherlands TA - Mult Scler Relat Disord JT - Multiple sclerosis and related disorders JID - 101580247 SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Disability Evaluation MH - Evoked Potentials, Visual MH - Female MH - Hand/*physiopathology MH - Humans MH - Linear Models MH - Male MH - *Motor Skills/physiology MH - Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/*diagnosis/*physiopathology/psychology MH - Multivariate Analysis MH - Neurologic Examination MH - Neuropsychological Tests MH - *Saccades/physiology MH - Severity of Illness Index MH - Time Factors OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cognition OT - Eye OT - Hand function OT - Multiple sclerosis OT - Multiple sclerosis functional composite OT - Saccades OT - Symbol Digit Modalities Test OT - Symptom assessment EDAT- 2015/11/23 06:00 MHDA- 2016/08/27 06:00 CRDT- 2015/11/23 06:00 PHST- 2015/06/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2015/08/11 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2015/08/14 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2015/11/23 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2015/11/23 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/08/27 06:00 [medline] AID - S2211-0348(15)00120-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.msard.2015.08.003 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2015 Nov;4(6):585-9. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Aug 15.