PMID- 26607313
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160614
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1425
DP  - 2015 Dec 18
TI  - Multiresidual analysis of emerging amphetamine-like psychoactive substances in 
      wastewater and river water.
PG  - 204-12
LID - S0021-9673(15)01671-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.043 [doi]
AB  - Besides the common illicit drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, and marijuana, there 
      is a growing concern about the use of modern "designer drugs" that have emerged 
      in large numbers over the past few years. In this work, a sensitive and selective 
      method for simultaneous determination of 25 synthetic amphetamine-like 
      psychoactive compounds, including amphetamine, sympathomimetic substituted 
      amphetamines, synthetic cathinones and ketamine, in raw wastewater (RW), 
      secondary effluent (SE) and river water was developed. Samples were enriched by 
      solid-phase extraction (SPE) on mixed-mode reversed-phase/strong cation-exchange 
      sorbent (Oasis MCX) and analysed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled 
      to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The target 
      compounds were separated on a Synergi Polar column and detected using multiple 
      reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ionisation mode. Accurate quantification 
      was achieved by using several deuterated analogues as surrogate standards. 
      Careful optimisation and validation of the procedure resulted in a reliable 
      determination of all target analytes in low ng/L range for all matrices, which 
      makes the method suitable for the application in wastewater-based epidemiology. 
      The method was applied for assessment of selected compounds in municipal 
      wastewater and river water from Croatia. It was shown that most of the wastewater 
      samples contained detectable levels of the well-known synthetic illicit drugs, 
      amphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) (concentrations up to 
      545ng/L and 55ng/L in RW, respectively), as well as ephedrine (up to 108ng/L) and 
      pseudoephedrine (up to 698ng/L), which are used as ingredients of popular 
      over-the counter cough and cold medications. Other target amphetamine-like 
      psychoactive substances, recently reported for their potential abuse, were 
      detected only occasionally and in low concentrations (<10ng/L).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Senta, Ivan
AU  - Senta I
AD  - Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 
      Bijenicka 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
FAU - Krizman, Ivona
AU  - Krizman I
AD  - Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 
      Bijenicka 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
FAU - Ahel, Marijan
AU  - Ahel M
AD  - Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 
      Bijenicka 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
FAU - Terzic, Senka
AU  - Terzic S
AD  - Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 
      Bijenicka 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Electronic address: terzic@irb.hr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20151120
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Amphetamines)
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamines/*analysis
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/*analysis
MH  - Chromatography, Reverse-Phase
MH  - Illicit Drugs/analysis
MH  - Rivers/*chemistry
MH  - Solid Phase Extraction
MH  - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Wastewater/*chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amphetamine
OT  - Designer drugs
OT  - Illicit drugs
OT  - Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
OT  - Novel psychoactive substances
OT  - Wastewater
EDAT- 2015/11/27 06:00
MHDA- 2016/06/15 06:00
CRDT- 2015/11/27 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/11/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/11/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/11/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/11/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/06/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0021-9673(15)01671-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.043 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2015 Dec 18;1425:204-12. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.043. Epub 
      2015 Nov 20.