PMID- 26609911
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161214
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1472-8206 (Electronic)
IS  - 0767-3981 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016 Apr
TI  - Illicit drugs or medicines taken by parachuting.
PG  - 185-90
LID - 10.1111/fcp.12172 [doi]
AB  - Parachuting (also called bombing) is a method of drug delivery where illicit 
      drugs or medicines are ingested after wrapping the substance. There are little 
      data describing parachuting in the literature. To provide a description of this 
      practice, all cases of parachuting reported to the national addictovigilance 
      network up to 31 December 2014 were identified from spontaneous reports and 
      specific surveillance programs. Cases were described according to the type of 
      substance used, patient age and gender, type of complications, context of use and 
      year of the event. Forty-five cases of parachute use were identified and most (n 
      = 43) occurred after 2011. Patients were mostly men (60%), and mean age was 28.9 
      years. The context of use, known in 19 cases, was mostly recreational. 
      Complications were present in 24 cases, of which eight were serious. The 
      substance was supposed to be 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the 
      majority of cases (64.4%); research chemicals were more involved in the most 
      recent years. The physical form was mainly granular (51.6%). The wrappers were a 
      cigarette paper (nine cases) and in one case plastic package; in the other cases, 
      the term of parachute was used without further details. The reason for use was 
      not explained in the majority of cases; two patients indicated using a parachute 
      for faster effect than with a methadone capsule. Clinicians should be aware of 
      this delivery form as the results suggest that it is common and can involve a 
      great variability of drugs.
CI  - (c) 2015 Societe Francaise de Pharmacologie et de Therapeutique.
FAU - Daveluy, Amelie
AU  - Daveluy A
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie Medicale, CHU de Bordeaux, 
      INSERM, U657, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
FAU - Geniaux, Helene
AU  - Geniaux H
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie Medicale, CHU de Bordeaux, 
      INSERM, U657, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
FAU - Eiden, Celine
AU  - Eiden C
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance, Departement de Pharmacologie Medicale et Toxicologie, 
      CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France.
FAU - Boucher, Alexandra
AU  - Boucher A
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, F-69000, France.
FAU - Chenaf, Chouki
AU  - Chenaf C
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 
      Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.
FAU - Deheul, Sylvie
AU  - Deheul S
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance, Departement de Pharmacologie, CHRU de Lille, Lille, 
      F-59037, France.
FAU - Spadari, Michel
AU  - Spadari M
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance PACA Corse, Service de Pharmacologie Medicale et 
      Clinique, AP-HM, Marseille, F-13005, France.
FAU - Gerardin, Marie
AU  - Gerardin M
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance, Departement de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU de Nantes, 
      Nantes, F-44000, France.
FAU - Miremont-Salame, Ghada
AU  - Miremont-Salame G
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie Medicale, CHU de Bordeaux, 
      INSERM, U657, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
FAU - Haramburu, Francoise
AU  - Haramburu F
AD  - Centre d'Addictovigilance, Service de Pharmacologie Medicale, CHU de Bordeaux, 
      INSERM, U657, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
CN  - French Network of Addictovigilance Centres
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20151223
PL  - England
TA  - Fundam Clin Pharmacol
JT  - Fundamental & clinical pharmacology
JID - 8710411
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - UC6VBE7V1Z (Methadone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Drug Delivery Systems/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*adverse effects/*chemistry
MH  - Male
MH  - Methadone/chemistry
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/chemistry
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
OT  - dosage forms
OT  - drug administration routes
OT  - parachuting
OT  - substance-related disorders
EDAT- 2015/11/27 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2015/11/27 06:00
PHST- 2015/09/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2015/11/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2015/11/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2015/11/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2015/11/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/fcp.12172 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Apr;30(2):185-90. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12172. Epub 2015 
      Dec 23.